Published

2015-05-01

Physiological effects of water deficit on two oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes

Efectos fisiológicos del déficit hídrico en dos genotipos de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n2.49846

Keywords:

African oil palm, drought stress, photosynthesis capacity, susceptible, tolerant (en)
palma de aceite africana, estrés de sequía, capacidad de fotosíntesis, susceptible, tolerante (es)

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Authors

  • Seyed Mehdi Jazayeri Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Biology
  • Yurany Dayanna Rivera Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma) - Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program
  • Jhonatan Eduardo Camperos-Reyes Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma) - Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program
  • Hernán Mauricio Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Biology
Water supply is the main limiting factor that affects oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity, determine the physiological effects and assess the tolerance potential of oil palm genotypes under water-deficit conditions. The two oil palm commercial genotypes IRHO1001 and IRHO7010 were exposed to soil water potentials of -0.042 MPa (field capacity or well-watered) or -1.5 MPa (drought-stressed). The leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters, including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the photosynthesis reduction rate were monitored at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The IRHO7010 genotype showed fewer photosynthesis changes and a smaller photosynthetic reduction under the prolonged water deficit conditions of 23% at 4 weeks after the treatment as compared to 53% at 8 weeks after treatment, but the IRHO1001 genotype showed 46% and 74% reduction at the two sampling times. 'IRHO7010' had a higher stomatal conductance and transpiration potential than 'IRHO1001' during the water shortage. The WUE and leaf water potential were not different between the genotypes during dehydration. The data suggested that 'IRHO7010' had a higher photosynthetic capacity during the drought stress and was more drought-tolerant than 'IRHO1001'.

El suministro de agua es la limitante principal del rendimiento de la palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). El objeto de este trabajo fue estudiar el intercambio de gases y la capacidad fotosintética para determinar los efectos fisiológicos y evaluar el potencial de la tolerancia de dos genotipos de palma de aceite bajo condiciones de déficit de agua. Dos genotipos comerciales de palma aceitera, IRHO1001 e IRHO7010 fueron expuestos a -0.042 MPa (capacidad de campo o bien regado) y -1.5 MPa (estrés de sequía). El potencial hídrico de la hoja y los parámetros de intercambio de gases, incluyendo la fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática, transpiración y eficiencia del uso del agua (EUA) se revisaron a las 4 y 8 semanas después de iniciado el tratamiento considerando el porcentaje de reducción de fotosíntesis en cada tiempo. El genotipo IRHO7010 mostró menos cambios en la fotosíntesis y en la reducción fotosintética a las 4 semanas (23%) y 8 semanas (53%) de iniciado el tratamiento de déficit hídrico prolongado, en comparación al genotipo IRHO1001 que presentó una reducción de 46 y 74% para los muestreos de las 4 y 8 semanas, respectivamente. 'IRHO7010' tuvo mayor conductancia estomática y transpiración que 'IRHO1001' durante el déficit hídrico. La EUA y el potencial hídrico de la hoja no mostraron ninguna diferencia entre los dos genotipos durante la sequía. Los datos sugieren que 'IRHO7010' tiene mayor capacidad fotosintética durante el estrés por sequía y por tanto puede ser más tolerante a la sequía que 'IRHO1001'.

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Jazayeri, S. M., Rivera, Y. D., Camperos-Reyes, J. E., & Romero, H. M. (2015). Physiological effects of water deficit on two oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes. Agronomía Colombiana, 33(2), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n2.49846

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