Contents of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants
Contenido de carbohidratos no-estructurales en la planta de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) en fructificación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n2.51546Keywords:
photosynthates, starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose (en)productos fotosintéticos, almidón, sacarosa, glucosa, fructosa (es)
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Aunque la uchuva se ha convertido en la segunda fruta de importancia en la exportación de Colombia, existe escasa información sobre el papel que juega el reparto de carbohidratos en la productividad de la planta. En invernadero, plantas del ecotipo Colombia, propagadas por semilla, se cultivaron en materas de 2,5 L, en arena de cuarzo lavada y con ferti-irrigación. Las plantas fueron podadas hasta el tallo vegetativo principal con dos tallos reproductivos. La distribución de materia seca (MS) durante los primeros 20 días de la planta mostró la mayor tasa de acumulación en raíces, mientras que en la etapa posterior la ganancia de MS fue mayor en tallos y menor en hojas que en las raíces. Sesenta días después del trasplante, se determinó el contenido de glucosa, fructosa, sacarosa y almidón para cada parte de la planta. Las raíces fueron el mayor vertedero de almidón, pero los contenidos de sacarosa fueron bajos tanto en el tallo vegetativo como de los reproductivos. Entre 5-15 cm de la base del tallo vegetativo se encontró un 6,4 mg de almidón, 1,4 mg de monosacáridos y 5,3 mg/100 g MS de sacarosa, indicando lo importante que es este órgano basal para la acumulación de almidón y, especialmente, para el transporte de sacarosa. En los dos tallos reproductivos, el contenido de almidón fue mayor en la base que en el ápice; la misma relación se encontró en las hojas. El contenido de monosacáridos fue mayor en la zona apical del tallo reproductivo, con 8,2 mg/100 g MS. Por el contrario, en los frutos apicales y pequeños, con 10 días de edad, se encontró los máximas concentraciones de almidón (11,6 mg/100 g MS), posiblemente se trata de almidón primario de la fotosíntesis de los frutos verdes, mientras que los maduros basales (60 días de edad) acumularon principalmente sacarosa (27,7 mg) y monosacáridos (21,2mg/100 g MS).
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