Degradation and thermodynamic adsorption process of carbofuran and oxadicyl in a Colombian agricultural soil profile
Degradación y termodinámica del proceso de adsorción del carbofurano y oxadicil en un perfil de suelo agrícola de Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n1.53325Keywords:
pesticide persistence, soil pollution, sorption, chemical degradation, forecasting. (en)persistencia de los plaguicidas, contaminación del suelo, sorción, degradación química, técnicas de predicción (es)
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El carbofurano y oxadicil se aplican en diferentes cultivos en Colombia, pero su transporte a través del perfil del suelo se ha estudiado muy poco. Se evaluó la degradación y la adsorción de ambos plaguicidas en un suelo Melanudands (0-100 cm) mediante el método indirecto e incubaciones bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Las tasas de degradación del carbofurano (0,013- 0,006 día-1) y oxadicil (0,013-0,008 día-1) disminuyeron en las capas más profundas del perfil; lo cual indica que los plaguicidas fueron más persistentes en las capas sub-superficiales (60- 100 cm) que en las capas superficiales (0-40 cm). La adsorción fue un proceso exotérmico y espontáneo. Los coeficientes de distribución (5,8-0,3 L kg-1) y los porcentajes de adsorción (71,2-11,3%) de ambos plaguicidas fueron muy similares en los primeros 40 cm y disminuyeron con la profundidad. Con modelos de regresión lineal múltiple entre la adsorción de los plaguicidas y el contenido de carbón orgánico (CO), las arcillas y la concentración inicial, se obtuvieron ecuaciones matemáticas, las cuales muestran como el CO y las arcillas controlan el transporte de ambos pesticidas a través del perfil. Estas ecuaciones son útiles para estimar el transporte del carbofurano y oxadicil en el suelo.
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