Published

2016-09-01

Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia

Impacto de la época seca sobre el intercambio de gases en progenies de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) y del híbrido interespecífico (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) bajo condiciones de campo en la zona oriental de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.55565

Keywords:

photosynthesis, transpiration, water deficit, Eastern Plains. (en)
fotosíntesis, transpiración, déficit hídrico, Llanos orientales (es)

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Authors

  • Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite (Cenipalma)
  • Iván Ochoa-Cadavid Unipalma de los Llanos S.A.
  • Hernán Mauricio Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
Elaeis guineensis palms and its interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) were planted in 2004 in the Cuernavaca farm of Unipalma S.A., located in the municipality of Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The palms were planted in two fields: Mecasaragua and Aurora. The first field has never been irrigated, and the second one (Aurora) has always been flood-irrigated during the dry season according to the parameters of the plantation. In this study, physiological parameters (gas exchange and water potential) were assessed in three seasons of the year 2013 (dry season, dry-to-wet transition season and wet season). Significant gas exchange differences were found among the seasons in the field with no irrigation (Mecasaragua). Likewise, differences between the genetic materials were observed during the dry season. For example, the photosyn thesis decreased by 75% compared with the palms planted in the irrigated field. No differences among seasons or materials were found in the irrigated field (Aurora). E. guineensis palms were more sensitive to water stress compared with the OxG interspecific hybrid. Both genetic materials responded rapidly to the first rains by leveling their photosynthetic rates and demonstrated an excellent capacity to recover from water stress.

En la hacienda Cuernavaca de la plantación Unipalma S.A. ubicada en el municipio de Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia) se encuentran sembradas desde el año 2004 palmas de la especie Elaeis guineensis y del híbrido interespecífico (E. guineensis x E. oleifera). Las palmas están ubicadas en dos lotes Mecasaragua y la Aurora, estos sitios han presentado la siguiente condición durante las épocas secas: el primero nunca ha tenido suministro de agua y el segundo siempre ha tenido riego por inundación de acuerdo a los parámetros de la plantación. En este trabajo se evaluaron parámetros fisiológicos (intercambio de gases y potenciales hídricos) en tres épocas del año 2013 (época seca, transición seca-húmeda y época húmeda). En el lote sin suministro de agua se encontraron diferencias en el intercambio de gases entre épocas, adicionalmente hubo diferencia entre materiales durante la época seca, periodo en el cual la fotosíntesis disminuyó hasta en un 75% comparada con palmas del lote con suministro de agua. En la Aurora no se encontraron diferencias entre épocas ni entre materiales. La especie E. guineensis mostró ser más sensible al efecto del déficit hídrico comparada con el híbrido interespecífico OxG. Ambos materiales, respondieron satisfactoriamente al inicio de lluvias nivelando sus tasas fotosintéticas evidenciando una excelente recuperación al evento estresante.

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Bayona-Rodríguez, C. J., Ochoa-Cadavid, I., & Romero, H. M. (2016). Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 34(3), 329-335. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.55565

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