Published

2016-05-01

Physiological responses of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings under different water soil conditions

Respuestas fisiológicas de plántulas de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) a diferentes condiciones hídricas del suelo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.55568

Keywords:

abiotic stress, aerenchyma, flooding, pneumatophores, tolerance, waterlogging. (en)
Estrés abiótico, aerénquima, inundacion, neumatoforos, tolerancia, anegamiento (es)

Authors

  • Yurany Dayanna Rivera-Mendes Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite (Cenipalma)
  • Juan Carlos Cuenca Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
  • Hernán Mauricio Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Biology
Water supply is the main yield-limiting factor of oil palm crops. A water deficit affects virtually all aspects of metabolism and plant structure, while a water excess leads to waterlogging, an abiotic stress that affects crop production because of a reduction of oxygen in the soil. To determine the effect of water stress on the physiology of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) during the nursery stage, clones from three em-bryogenic lines of three different ortets (LE 33-7, LE 28-59 and LE 16-79) were subjected to four water conditions (moderate deficit, field capacity, partial and continuous waterlogging) for 60 days under a completely randomized split-plot design with four replications. The gas exchange, vegetative growth and nutrient content variables were evaluated. There was no interaction between the water conditions and embryogenic lines for any variable. The moderate water-deficit stress significantly reduced the stomatic conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration and growth. Under waterlogged conditions, the seedlings developed root aerenchyma and pneumatophores as adaptation mechanisms, and their gas exchange or their micronutrient reduction and assimilation processes (with the exception of copper) were not affected. However, under permanent waterlogging, the seedlings had poor growth because of higher leaf respiration rates and probably pneumatophore maintenance and imitations in the absorption and transport of macronutrients. while the plants under partial waterlogging exhibited a growth pattern similar to that observed under optimal soil moisture conditions.

El suministro de agua es el principal factor limitante del rendimiento de la palma de aceite. El déficit afecta prácticamente a todos los aspectos del metabolismo y estructura de la planta, mientras que el exceso de agua conlleva al anegamiento, un estrés que condiciona la producción de cultivos debido a la reducción del oxígeno en el suelo. Con el fin de determinar el efecto del estrés hídrico sobre la fisiología de la palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) en etapa de vivero, clones provenientes de tres líneas embriogénicas de tres ortets diferentes (LE 33-7, LE 28-59 y LE 16-79) se sometieron a cuatro condiciones hídricas (déficit moderado, capacidad de campo, anegamiento parcial y permanente), durante 60 días, bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado en arreglo de parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones. Variables de intercambio gaseoso, crecimiento vegetativo y contenido nutricional fueron evaluadas. No hubo interacción entre las condiciones de humedad y las líneas embriogénicas para ninguna variable. El déficit hídrico moderado redujo significativamente la fotosíntesis, la transpiración y el crecimiento. Bajo condiciones de anegamiento, las plantas desarrollaron neumatóforos y aerénquima radical como mecanismos de adaptación, por lo que no afectaron su intercambio gaseoso ni los procesos de reducción y asimilación de micronutrientes (con excepción del cobre). Sin embargo, bajo anegamiento permanente, mostraron un reducido crecimiento, debido a las mayores tasas de respiración foliar y probablemente al mantenimiento de los neumatóforos, y a las limitaciones en la absorción y transporte de macronutrientes, mientras que las plantas sometidas a un anegamiento parcial exhibieron un crecimiento similar al registrado bajo condiciones óptimas de humedad edáfica.

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How to Cite

Rivera-Mendes, Y. D., Cuenca, J. C., & Romero, H. M. (2016). Physiological responses of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings under different water soil conditions. Agronomía Colombiana, 34(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.55568