Published

2016-05-01

Mechanisms for tolerance to water-deficit stress in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

Mecanismos de tolerancia al estrés por déficit hídrico en plantas inoculadas con hongos micorrízicos arbusculares. Una revisión

Keywords:

micorrhizae, hormonal control, stomatal conductance, nutritional status, antioxidants, photosynthesis (en)
Micorriza, control hormonal, conductancia estomática, estado nutricional, antioxidantes, fotosíntesis (es)

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Authors

  • John Cristhian Fernández-Lizarazo Universidad de La Salle - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - Program of Agricultural Engineering
  • Liz Patricia Moreno-Fonseca Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Agronomy
The expansion of areas affected by drought worldwide has a negative effect on yield and crops production, making water deficits the most significant abiotic stress that limits the growth and development of plants. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a strategy that mitigates the effects of this stress in a sustainable way, given the increase in the tolerance to water deficit stress in plants inoculated with these fungi; however, the exact mechanism is unknown because the response depends on the water-deficit stress type and is specific to the AMF and the plant. This review describes the mechanisms that explain how the AMF colonization of roots can modify the response of plants during a water deficit, as well as its relationship with physiological processes that determine yield, photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning. These mechanisms may include modifications in the content of plant hormones, such as strigolactones, jasmonic acid (JA) and absicic acid (ABA). The JA appears to be involved in the stress signal in mycorrhizal plants through an increase of ABA concentrations and, at the same time, ABA has a regulating effect on strigolactone concentrations. Also, there is improvement of plant water status, stomatal conductance, nutritional status and plant responses to cope with a water deficit, such as osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant activity. These modifications cause an increase in CO2 assimilation and photoassimilate production, improving plant growth during a drought.
La extensión de áreas afectadas por la sequía en todo el mundo tiene un efecto negativo en la producción y rendimiento de los cultivos, haciendo que el déficit hídrico sea el estrés abiótico más limitante del crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. El uso de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HFMA) es una estrategia que mitiga los efectos de este estrés de una manera sostenible, numerosos estudios han demostrado un aumento en la tolerancia a déficit hídrico en plantas inoculadas con estos hongos. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce el mecanismo exacto por el cual los HFMA inducen esta tolerancia ya que se ha encontrado que la respuesta depende del tipo de estrés hídrico y además es específica, tanto a nivel del HFMA como de la planta. Esta revisión describe los mecanismos potenciales que explican cómo la colonización de las raíces por HFMA puede modificar el comportamiento de la planta durante el estrés por déficit hídrico, así como su relación con procesos fisiológicos determinantes de la producción como la fotosíntesis y la partición de fotoasimilados. Estos mecanismos incluyen modificaciones en las plantas en el contenido de hormonas como las estrigolactonas, el ácido jasmónico (JA) y el ácido absícico. The JA parece estar involucrado en las señales de estrés en las plantas micorrizadas incrementando la concentración del ácido abscísico (ABA) y, a su vez el ABA regula el efecto de las estrigolactonas. Igualmente hay una mejora del estado hídrico de la planta, la conductancia estomática, el estado nutricional y un aumento de la respuesta de la planta para contender con el déficit hídrico como el ajuste osmótico y la actividad antioxidante. Estas modificaciones causan un aumenta en la asimilación de CO2 y la producción de fotoasimilados mejorando el crecimiento de las plantas en condiciones de sequía.

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