Heterosis for ether extract production and its components in seed of Cucurbita argyrosperma
Heterosis para producción de extracto etéreo y sus componentes en semilla de Cucurbita argyrosperma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.64253Keywords:
heterosis, pumpkins, oilseeds, diallel analysis (en)heterosis, calabaza (Cucurbita), semillas oleaginosas, análisis dialelo (es)
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Twenty-one genotypes (six parental lines and 15 direct crosses) of butternut squash (Curcurbita argyrosperma subsp. sororia) were evaluated at the Experimental Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Candelaria (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) during the second semesters of 2012 (2012B) and the first semester of 2013 (2013A). Heterotic effects (average, variety, and specific) were determined for ether extract production per plant (EEPP) and the following components: percentage ether extract (EE) in seed, seed weight per fruit (SWF), 100-seed weight (100- SW), and number of fruits per plant (NFP). The methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966) was used in a randomized complete block experiment design with four replicates (five plants per replicate). Variety heterosis accounted for 48% of the variation of total heterosis for EEPP. Variety heterosis was better expressed in 2013 first semester, with significant differences for EEPP, SWF, and 100-SW; average heterosis was significant for EEPP and EE. In 2012 second semester, heterosis was significant for SWF, indicating genetic divergence between hybrids and parents. Introductions 256 and 132 expressed the greatest effects of variety heterosis for EEPP and superior segregants should be selected from these two parental lines. No significant differences were observed on specific heterosis; however, the best hybrid in terms of EEPP at 2013 first semester came from crosses 256×132 and 140×260.
En el Centro Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, Colombia), se evaluaron 21 genotipos de Curcurbita argyrosperma subsp. Sororia (6 padres y 15 cruzamientos directos) en semestres 2012B y 2013A, para estimar los efectos heteroticos promedio, varietal y especifico para produccion de extracto etereo por planta (EEPP) y sus componentes: extracto etereo en la semilla (EE), peso de semilla por fruto (PSPF), peso de 100 semillas (PUS) y numero de frutos por planta (NFP). Se utilizo la metodología de Gardner y Eberhart (1966) y bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones (cinco plantas por repeticion). La heterosis varietal explico el 48% de la variacion de la heterosis total para el caracter EEPP y se expreso mejor en 2013A, con diferencias significativas (P≤0,05) para EEPP, PSPF y PUS. La heterosis promedia fue significativa para EEPP y EE. En 2012B fue significativa (P≤0,05) para PSPF, indicando que hay divergencia genetica entre hibridos y padres. Las introducciones 256 y 132 expresaron los mayores efectos de heterosis varietal para EEPP. Se sugiere seleccionar segregantes superiores provenientes de estos dos padres. La heterosis especifica no presento diferencias significativas; sin embargo, los mejores hibridos para EEPP en 2013A provenian de los cruzamientos 256×132 y 140×260.
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