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Toxicity evaluation of two insecticides on Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona xanthotricha (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Evaluación de la toxicidad de dos insecticidas sobre Tetragonisca angustula y Scaptotrigona xanthotricha (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.65447Keywords:
pollination, stingless bees, Meliponini, pesticide risk, toxicology (en)polinización, abejas sin aguijón, Meliponini, riesgo de pesticidas, toxicología (es)
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Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) have crucial roles in the ecosystem, offering pollination service and contributing to genetic diversity of species, and also providing honey and wax to humankind. Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona xanthotricha are species that have been used since ancient times for beekeeping. Currently these and other species have been exposed to agronomic practices, among which the use of synthetic pesticides used for crop protection stands out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the insecticides thiamethoxam and fipronil, which are used in agriculture in several countries in the tropical and subtropical belt in order to establish the risk that these products represent to the survival of these two species. The oral and topical LD50 was obtained by Probit analysis. Comparisons with the LD50s of other stingless bees and Apis mellifera were realized. Although further studies are required to calculate the real risk of the two compounds, the results showed an evident susceptibility of both species. We concluded that it is essential to use tools and practices that reduce the risk, and perform toxicological evaluations of new and existing pesticides on stingless bees.
Las abejas sin aguijón (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meloponini) hacen parte fundamental del ecosistema, ofreciendo el servicio de polinización y diversificación genética de las especies, además de proporcionar miel y cera para los seres humanos. Tetragonisca angustula y Scaptotrigona xanthotricha son especies que han sido usadas en la meliponicultura por tiempos ancestrales. En la actualidad ellas, junto con otras especies, han estado expuestas a las prácticas agronómicas entre las cuales se destaca la protección de cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la toxicidad de tiametoxam y fipronil, insecticidas usados en la agricultura de varios países de la franja tropical y subtropical, a fin de establecer el riesgo que pueden representar para la supervivencia de estas dos especies. Se obtuvo por medio del análisis Probit las DL50 para la exposición oral y tópica de los dos insecticidas. Se realizaron comparaciones con la DL50 de otras especies de abejas sin aguijón y Apis mellifera. Aunque se requieren más estudios para calcular el riesgo real de los dos compuestos, se evidenció la susceptibilidad de las dos especies y el riesgo para su supervivencia. Se concluyó que es fundamental el uso de herramientas y prácticas que disminuyan el riesgo que corren estas especies, además de la realización de evaluaciones toxicológicas sobre las abejas sin aguijón a la hora de aprobar el uso de nuevos y existentes pesticidas.
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