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Efecto de diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno sobre el crecimiento vegetativo de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
Effect of different sources of nitrogen on the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
115/5000 Efeito de diferentes fontes de nitrogênio no crescimento vegetativo de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.69304Keywords:
macronutrientes, estacas, índices de crecimiento, Ericaceae. (es)macronutrients, cuttings, growth indexes, Ericaceae. (en)
macronutrientes, estacas, índices de crescimento, Ericaceae (pt)
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El agraz Vaccinium meridionale Swartz es un arbusto silvestre pequeno, que crece en Colombia en zonas de subparamo, con un alto potencial para posicionarse en el mercado internacional, gracias a su alto contenido de antioxidantes en los frutos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la fertilizacion con diferentes fuentes de nitrogeno sobre el crecimiento de plantas de agraz en etapa vegetativa, con cuatro tratamientos: testigo sin aplicacion del N, 50% NH4+-50%NO3-, 100% NO3- y 100% NH4+. Se utilizo la dosis de 70 mg L-1 del N en los tratamientos con la aplicacion del nitrogeno. Las plantasM fertilizadas con fuentes amoniacales tuvieron el mejor crecimiento, siendo el tratamiento de 100% NH4+ el que obtuvo el mayor numero de brotes (22), mayor numero de hojas (254) por planta y mayores pesos secos de los organos a los 148 dias despues de la siembra de estacas enraizadas, seguido del tratamiento con 50%NH4 +-50%NO3-. Los tratamientos con 0% N y 100% NO3- tuvieron una mayor sintesis de antocianinas y una menor cantidad de clorofilas en hojas con respecto a las plantas fertilizadas con fuentes de NH4+. Las plantas fertilizadas con 0% N y 100% NO3- presentaron un crecimiento menor que aquellas fertilizadas con 50% NH4+-50%NO3- y 100%NH4+. Este estudio permite afirmar que el agraz requiere planes de fertilización con fuentes amoniacales.
The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a small wild shrub that grows in Colombia in sub-paramo areas. The berry has a high export potential due to the high content of antioxidants in the fruits. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different nitrogen sources on the vegetative growth of plants with four treatments: a control of 0% N, 50%NH4 +-50%NO3 -, 100% NO3 -, and 100% NH4+. The dose of 70 mg L-1 N was used in the treatmentsM with application of N. The plants with best growth were those fertilized with ammonia sources. The treatment with 100% NH4+ obtained the highest average number of shoots (22) and leaves (254) per plant, and the highest dry weight of plant
organs at 148 d after planting of rooted cuttings followed by treatment with 50%NH4 +-50%NO3-. Applications of 0% N and 100% NO3- resulted in higher rates of anthocyanin synthesis and lower contents of chlorophyll in leaves regarding to the N sources containing NH4+. The plants fertilized with 0% N and 100% NO3- presented lesser growth than those fertilized with 50%NH4 +-50%NO3 -and 100% NH4+. This study allows to conclude that the Andean blueberry requires a fertilization Mplan with ammonia sources.
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