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Potential yield and efficiency of N and K uptake in tubers of cvs. Capiro and Suprema (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigenum)
Potencial de rendimiento y eficiencia en la demanda de N y K en tubérculos de cvs. Capiro y Suprema (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigenum)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n2.72766Keywords:
nutrient use efficiency, productive potential, luxury consumption, macronutrients. (en)uso eficiente de nutrientes, potencial productivo, consumo de lujo, macronutrientes. (es)
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Potato yield depends on the genotype-environment interaction, edaphic nutrient supply, and fertilization rates. The total tuber yield (FWt), dry weight of tubers (DWt), harvest index (HI) and nutrient use efficiency in tubers (NUEt) were evaluated in the Andean region in Colombia at 75, 100, 125, and 150 d after sowing using two cultivars (Capiro, Suprema), three locations with contrasting soils (Subachoque, Facatativa and Choconta) and two levels of fertilization: F0 (unfertilized) and F1 (fertilized). The Humic Dystrudept soils with fertilization (Choconta) presented late tuber filling with increases of 48 and 64% for the DWt in the cvs. Suprema and Capiro, respectively. In Suprema, the highest production potentials were obtained in fertilized soils with low fertility, with increases of 60.9% for the DWt and 75% for the HI. On the other hand, Capiro was better adapted to soils with medium to high fertility, with increases of up to 86.7% for the FWt, as compared to the unfertilized soils. This increase may be related to higher rates of nutrient recovery efficiency (RFt), higher accumulated nutrients per tuber yield (EPt) and a better NUEt because N. Suprema presented a negative EPt and RFt with HI<45% and the lowest NUE of N and K in high fertility soils, which represents a null response to fertilization and possible mechanisms of luxury consumption for the evaluated elements.
El rendimiento de papa depende de la interaccion genotipoambiente, el suministro edafico de nutrientes y las dosis de fertilizacion. Se evaluo el rendimiento total de tuberculos (PFt), el peso seco de tuberculos (PSt), el indice de cosecha (IC) y la eficiencia de uso de nutrientes en tuberculos (UENt) en la region Andina de Colombia a los 75, 100, 125, y 150 d después de la siembra utilizando dos cultivares (Capiro, Suprema), tres localidades con suelos contrastantes (Subachoque, Facatativa y Choconta) y dos niveles de fertilizacion variable por tipo de suelo, F0 (no fertilizado) y F1 (fertilizado). Los suelos Humic Dystrudepts con fertilizacion (Choconta) presentaron un llenado tardio con un incremento PSt de 48 y 64% en los cvs. Suprema y Capiro, respectivamente. En Suprema se obtuvieron los mayores potenciales de produccion en suelos de baja fertilidad con incrementos en rendimiento del 60,9% y con IC de 75%, mientras que Capiro se adapto mejor a suelos de media a alta fertilidad con incrementos hasta 86,7% en rendimiento (PFt) con respecto a suelos no fertilizados. Este incremento se encuentra relacionado con la mayor recuperacion de nutrientes del fertilizante por el tuberculo (RFt) y la mayor eficiencia de nutrientes para la produccion de tuberculos (EPt). Suprema presento EPt y RFt negativo con IC<45% y la menor UENt de N y de K en suelos de alta fertilidad, lo que representa una respuesta nula a la fertilizacion y posibles mecanismos de consumo de lujo de los elementos evaluados.
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