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Detection of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species in Colombia
Detección de micotoxinas producidas por especies de Fusarium en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.77176Keywords:
fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ELISA (en)fumonisinas, tricotecenos, zearalenona, ELISA (es)
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The genus Fusarium produces mycotoxins that are metabolites of low molecular weight that affect the quality of crops, and even more importantly, they affect the health of humans and animals. Among those that cause damage to health are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenones. The objective of this study was to quantify the mycotoxins produced by species of the genus Fusarium from a population of isolates obtained from different crops and locations in Colombia. From 206 isolates, only 14 amplified to regions associated with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) belonging to the group of trichothecenes, fumonisin (FUM) and zearalenone (ZEA) using PCR. Each isolate with the presence of mycotoxins was conserved in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Eight days after seeding in corn kernel medium, the samples were processed to perform the quantitative analysis of DON, ZEA and FUM using an ELISA kit based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results show that mycotoxins were present in the evaluated isolates and their levels were above the standards regulated by Mercosur and the European Union. The use of immunosorbent assays using the ELISA technique becomes a useful tool to detect and quantify mycotoxins of species of the genus Fusarium that affect different crops in Colombia.
El género Fusarium produce micotoxinas que son metabolitos de bajo peso molecular que afectan la calidad de los cultivos y especialmente la salud de humanos y animales. Entre las que causan daños a la salud se encuentran los tricotecenos, las fumonisinas y las zearalenonas. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar las micotoxinas producidas por especies del género Fusarium de una población de aislamientos obtenida de diferentes cultivos y localidades de Colombia. De 206 aislamientos, sólo 14 amplificaron regiones asociadas a las micotoxinas deoxinivalenol (DON), que pertenece al grupo de los tricotecenos, fumonisina (FUM) y zearalenona (ZEA) usando PCR. Cada uno de los aislamientos con presencia de micotoxinas se conservaron en medio papa dextrosa agar (PDA). Ocho días después de la siembra en medio de granos de maíz, las muestras se procesaron para realizar el análisis cuantitativo de DON, ZEA y FUM utilizando un kit de ELISA basado en ensayos de inmunoabsorción ligados a una enzima. Los resultados revelan la presencia de micotoxinas en los aislamientos evaluados cuyos niveles se encuentran por encima de los estándares regulados por Mercosur y la Unión Europea. El uso de ensayos de inmunoabsorción por medio de la técnica de ELISA se convierte en una herramienta útil para detectar y cuantificar micotoxinas de especies del género Fusarium que afectan diferentes cultivos en Colombia.
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