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Impact of dry sludges and sludge biochar on height and dry matter of Solanum lycopersicum L.
Impacto de lodos secos y biocarbón de lodos sobre la altura y materia seca de Solanum lycopersicum L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.81842Keywords:
substrate, tomato, pyrolysis, soil fertility (en)sustrato, tomate, pirólisis, fertilidad del suelo (es)
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The generation of sludge as anthropic waste is a fundamental pollution problem. However, its conversion to biochar can be an alternative to conventional fertilization for its management and use in agriculture. In this research, we evaluated the effect of the application of different doses of dry sludge (DS) and biochar of pyrolyzed sludge (PS) on the height and dry matter of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop and the nutrient content in the substrate. The biochar was made by rapid pyrolysis, and the substrate and the dry matter of plants were analyzed by different physical and chemical methods. An evaluation of 11 treatments was carried out in allometric measurements of plants and foliar dry matter, in three replicates with two materials (DS and PS) added to the substrate at different levels. The plant height and dry weight were evaluated using an incomplete factorial design in a completely randomized arrangement by performing statistical analysis of multivariate variance. An increase in plant height and dry weight was observed when the doses of DS and PS were increased; however, there were no statistical differences between the two materials. The amount of carbon, organic matter, and Ca concentrations in the dry leaf weight were increased with the addition of DS and PS. Likewise, the use of these materials as conditioners or amendments to agricultural soil at doses of 10-15 t ha-1 may be viable and can contribute to reducing environmental externalities through the use of these anthropic waste materials.
La generación de lodos como residuos antrópicos es un problema fundamental de contaminación. Sin embargo, su conversión a biocarbón puede ser una alternativa a la fertilización convencional para su manejo y uso en la agricultura. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de lodos secos (LS) y biocarbón de lodos pirolizados (LP) sobre la altura y materia seca de un cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) y sobre el contenido de nutrientes en el sustrato. El biocarbón se elaboró por pirolisis rápida, y el sustrato y la materia seca de plantas se analizaron mediante diferentes métodos físicos y químicos. Se evaluaron 11 tratamientos en medidas alométricas de plantas, sustratos y materia seca foliar, en tres réplicas con dos materiales (LS y LP) adicionados en diferentes niveles al sustrato. La altura y materia seca de la planta se evaluaron bajo un diseño factorial incompleto en arreglo completamente al azar, realizando un análisis estadístico de varianza multivariante. Se observó un incremento en la altura y materia seca en las plantas cuando aumentaron las dosis de LS y LP; sin embargo, no existieron diferencias estadísticas entre los dos materiales evaluados. La cantidad de carbono, la materia orgánica y las concentraciones de Ca en el sustrato aumentaron con la adición de LS y LP. Así mismo, el uso de estos materiales como acondicionadores o enmiendas del suelo agrícola puede ser viable en dosis de 10-15 t ha-1 aportando en la disminución de externalidades ambientales mediante el uso de estos materiales de desecho antrópico.
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