Effect of the use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on nodulation and production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in the Amazonian savannah
Efecto del uso de herbicidas pre- y post-emergentes en la nodulación y productividad del frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L.) en la sabana amazónica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.82196Keywords:
chemical control, nitrogen fixation, weeds (en)control químico, fijación de nitrógeno, malezas (es)
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As a control measure against weeds, the use of herbicides is an effective and inexpensive alternative. However, there are no products recommended for the cultivation of cowpea in Brazil, making it necessary to search for alternative solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides applied in the pre- and post-emergence on cowpea nodulation and production under conditions of the Amazonian savannah. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates, using the cowpea cultivar BRS Aracê subjected to the pre-emergence herbicides: Metribuzin, Sulfentrazone, Smetolachlor, Pendimethalin, Oxadiazon, Alachlor, Metribuzin + Pendimethalin, Metribuzin + Alachlor and Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon, and post-emergence herbicides: Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox, and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon. The number of nodules in each plant, the dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots and the grain yield were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the management of weeds in pre- or post-emergence according to the herbicide used affects the nodulation and productivity of cowpea under the conditions of the Amazonian savannah. The herbicides Metribuzin in preemergence,and Fomesafen and the mixture of Quizalofop-pethyl + Imazethapyr in post-emergence are not recommended for weed control in cowpea. The application of Oxadiazon, Alachlor, and Pendimethalin in pre-emergence can be considered interesting because they do not inhibit the development of the root system or the nodulation of cowpea which provides agreater grain yield. Regarding weed control strategies at postemergence, the application of the herbicide Imazethapyr and the combination of the herbicides quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon and Imazamox + Bentazon allow satisfactory levels of grain yield, root system development and nodulation of cowpea.
Como medida de control contra las malezas, el uso de herbicidas es una alternativa efectiva y asequible. Sin embargo, no hay productos recomendados para el cultivo de frijol caupí en Brasil, por lo que es necesario buscar soluciones alternativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de herbicidas aplicados en pre- y post-emergencia sobre la nodulación y productividad del frijol caupí bajo las condiciones de la sabana amazónica. Se realizaron dos experimentos en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, utilizando el cultivar de frijol caupí BRS Aracê sometido a los herbicidas pre-emergentes: Metribuzina, Sulfentrazona, S-metolaclor, Pendimetalina, Oxadiazón, Alaclor, Metribuzina + Pendimetalina, Metribuzina + Alaclor y Quizalofop-p-etil, Bentazona, Fomesafen, Imazetapir, Imazamox + Bentazona, Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazetapir, Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazamox y Quizalofop-p-etil + Bentazona, y herbicidas post-emergentes: Quizalofop-p-etil, Bentazona, Fomesafen, Imazetapir, Imazamox + Bentazona, Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazetapir, Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazamox, Quizalofop-p-etil + Bentazona. Se evaluaron el número de nódulos por planta, la masa seca de nódulos, la masa seca de raíces y el rendimiento de grano. Según los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, el manejo de malezas en pre o post emergencia de acuerdo con el herbicida utilizado afecta la nodulación y el rendimiento de grano de frijol caupí bajo condiciones de la sabana amazónica. Los herbicidas Metribuzina en pre-emergencia, y Fomesafen y la mezcla de Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazetapir en post-emergencia no se recomiendan para el control de malezas en frijol caupí. La aplicación de Oxadiazón, Alaclor y Pendimetalina en la pre-emergencia puede considerarse interesante porque no inhiben el desarrollo del sistema radicular o la nodulación de frijol caupí lo que proporciona un mayor rendimiento de grano. En lo relacionado con las estrategias de control de malezas posteriores a la emergencia, la aplicación del herbicida Imazetapir y la combinación de los herbicidas Quizalofop-p-etil + Imazamox, Quizalofop-p-etil + Bentazona e Imazamox + Bentazona permiten niveles satisfactorios de rendimiento de grano, desarrollo delsistema de raíces y nodulación de frijol caupí.
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