Resource-use efficiency in maize production: the case of smallholder farmers in Ghana
Eficiencia en el uso de recursos en la producción de maíz: el caso de pequeños agricultores en Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n3.85069Keywords:
pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, improved seeds (en)pesticidas, fertilizantes, herbicidas, semillas mejoradas (es)
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This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency with which smallholder maize farmers use their input resources such as land, labor, capital, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and improved seed in maize production. The study used the multi-stage sampling technique to collect cross-sectional data from 600 smallholder maize producers from the northern, Brong-Ahafo, eastern, and central regions of Ghana. This study employed the marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratio (MVP/MFC) of the input resources. The results revealed an increased return to scale, meaning smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample and the studied regions should enlarge their production scale by about 3.2%, 2.2%, 7.6%, 6.8%, and 2.8%, respectively, to maximize productivity. The results also revealed that resource inputs like fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, improved seed, and land were underutilized. Therefore, these resources need to be increased if smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample want to be efficient in their production. Labor and capital were over-utilized and needed to be reduced to increase efficiency in the farmers' maize production.
El objetivo de este estudio consistió en evaluar la eficiencia con la que los pequeños agricultores de maíz utilizan sus insumos tales como la tierra, mano de obra, capital, fertilizantes, herbicidas, plaguicidas y semilla mejorada en la producción del maíz. Para ello se empleó una técnica de muestreo de multietapas con el fin de recolectar datos seccionales cruzados de 600 productores de maíz de las regiones del norte, Brong-Ahafo, oriente y centro de Ghana. Se empleó también el cociente entre el producto de valor marginal (PVM) y el factor de costo marginal (FCM) (PVM/FCM) de los recursos de ingreso. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un aumento en el ingreso de retorno, lo que significa que los pequeños agricultores de maíz de la muestra y en las regiones mencionadas deberían aumentar su escala de producción en cerca de 3.2%, 2.2%, 7.6%, 6.8% y 2.8%, respectivamente, con el fin de maximizar la productividad. Los resultados mostraron también que los insumos tales como los fertilizantes, herbicidas, pesticidas, semillas mejoradas y la tierra fueron subutilizados. Por lo tanto, estos
insumos deben incrementarse si los pequeños agricultores de maíz en la muestra quieren ser eficientes en su producción. El trabajo y el capital resultaron sobreutilizados y por lo tanto hay una necesidad de reducirlos con el fin de hacer más eficiente la producción de maíz por parte de los agricultores.
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