Relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations
Relación entre la fertilización química en sorgo y las poblaciones de Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n3.87308Keywords:
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sugarcane aphid (en)nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, pulgón amarillo del sorgo (es)
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The aphid Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi is considered the most important pest of sorghum cultivation in Mexico. It can cause losses in production of up to 100%. This research was conducted at the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo during 2018 and 2019 with the objective of determining the relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and M. sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations. Different levels of nitrogen (125, 250 and 500 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.5, 39 and 78 kg ha-1) and potassium (210 and 420 kg ha-1) were supplied to sorghum plants planted in polyethylene pots with a capacity of 6 L under greenhouse conditions. The plants were infested with a total of 15 third-instar nymphs within 60 days of crop emergence. A total of 6 samplings were carried out at 7 day intervals, starting at 7 d after the infestation. Quantifications of total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in leaf tissue were also performed. We observed that higher doses of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the aphid population, while increasing the potassium dose considerably decreased the aphid population. We also found a positive correlation between the aphid population and the total soluble protein concentrations, reducing sugars and nitrogen levels, while the correlation was negative with potassium levels in leaves.
El pulgón amarillo Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi es considerado la plaga más importante del cultivo de sorgo en México, ya que puede provocar pérdidas de hasta 100% de la producción. La presente investigación se realizó en la Universidad Autónoma
Chapingo durante los años 2018 y 2019 con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la fertilización química en sorgo y las poblaciones de M. sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Se suministraron diferentes niveles de nitrógeno (125, 250 y 500 kg ha-1), fósforo (19.5, 39 y 78 kg ha-1) y potasio (210 y 420 kg ha-1) a plantas de sorgo sembradas en macetas de polietileno de 6 L de capacidad en condiciones de invernadero. Las plantas fueron infestadas con un total de 15 ninfas de tercer instar a los 60 d de emergido el cultivo. Se realizó un total de 6 muestreos a intervalos de 7 d, iniciando 7 d después de la infestación. También se realizaron cuantificaciones de proteínas solubles totales, azúcares solubles totales, azúcares reductores, y niveles de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y magnesio
en tejido foliar. Se observó que las dosis más altas de nitrógeno y fósforo incrementaron la población del pulgón, mientras que al incrementar la dosis de potasio la población del pulgón disminuyó considerablemente. También se constató una correlación positiva entre la población del pulgón y las concentraciones de proteínas solubles totales, azúcares reductores y niveles de nitrógeno, mientras que con los niveles de potasio en hoja la correlación fue negativa.
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