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Rhizospheric rhizobia with potential as biofertilizers from Cuban rice cultivars
Rizobios rizosféricos con potencial como biofertilizantes a partir de cultivares cubanos de arroz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n1.88907Keywords:
Rhizobium, grass, salinity, acidity, growth, yield (en)Rhizobium, gramínea, salinidad, acidez, crecimiento, rendimiento (es)
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Rice biofertilization with Rhizobium increases the growth and yield of the crop. However, evidence for this has not been observed in Cuban rice cultivars. This research aimed to typify two Rhizobium isolates, considering the use of different carbon sources, their tolerance to stress conditions, and the ability to promote the growth and development of rice. Two Rhizobium sp. isolates (Rpr11 and 5P1) were used and their facility to grow on different carbon sources, pH, and salinity levels was determined. The effect of the inoculation of these bacteria on the growth and yield of rice was evaluated under controlled, greenhouse, and field conditions. Both isolates grew on mannitol, glycerol, maltose, and fructose at the highest concentrations of NaCl (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%). The isolate 5P1 grew at all evaluated pH levels, especially at pH 5.0 and pH 8.0. The inoculation of both isolates increased the plant biomass and the potassium content. The plants inoculated with 5P1 had the highest contents of nitrogen, total chlorophyll, carbohydrates and proteins, and grain yield. This study is the first in Cuba that shows the beneficial effect of Rhizobium inoculation on the physiology and yield of rice.
La biofertilización de arroz con Rhizobium incrementa el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo. Sin embargo, en cultivares cubanos de arroz no se han observado tales evidencias. El objetivo de esta investigación fue tipificar dos aislamientos de Rhizobium considerando el uso de diferentes fuentes de carbono, su tolerancia a condiciones de estrés y la capacidad de promover el crecimiento y el desarrollo del arroz. Se emplearon dos aislamientos de Rhizobium sp. (Rpr11 y 5P1) y se determinó su capacidad para crecer en diferentes fuentes carbonadas, pH y niveles de salinidad. Se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de estas bacterias sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del arroz en condiciones controladas, de invernadero y de campo. Ambos aislamientos crecieron en manitol, glicerol, maltosa y fructosa y en las mayores concentraciones de NaCl (1.0, 1.5, y 2.0%). El aislamiento 5P1 creció en todos los niveles de pH, especialmente en pH 5.0 y pH 8.0. La inoculación de ambos aislamientos incrementó la biomasa y el contenido de potasio en las plantas. Las plantas inoculadas con 5P1 mostraron un mayor contenido de nitrógeno, clorofilas totales, carbohidratos y proteínas, y rendimiento del grano. Este estudio es el primero en Cuba que demuestra el efecto benéfico de la inoculación de Rhizobium en la fisiología y el rendimiento del arroz.
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