Propagation of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) by cuttings
Propagación de macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) por estacas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n1.90005Keywords:
indole butyric acid, rooting, cultural practices (en)ácido indolbutírico, enraizamiento, prácticas culturales (es)
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Macadamia trees require a long period for flowering when propagated by seeds. To anticipate the yield, maintain cultivar characteristics, and increase the homogeneity of nut quality, it is essential to establish orchards with grafted trees. Although semi-hardwood cutting propagation tests have been performed in Brazil, no method has been shown to be appropriate at a large scale due to the difficulties in implementation of techniques or the high cost. Establishing an effective and affordable protocol may provide great improvement to this productive chain since it will meet the demand of nurseries and stimulate the expansion of orchards. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for macadamia semi-hardwood cutting propagation. Six cultivars (HAES 344, HAES 816, HAES 660, IAC 4-12B, IAC 9-20, and IAC 4-20) were evaluated and selected because of their ample cultivation in Brazil. The propagation material was collected for four months (October and November 2018, and February and March 2019). The semi-hardwood cuttings were also soaked in indole butyric acid (IBA) at three different concentrations (0, 5, or 10 g L-1) and in the commercial product Clonex®. The experiment was arranged in a two-way completely randomized design with four replicates and data were analyzed by R software. The cultivar IAC 4-12B showed the highest index for root development (37.0%). The treatments did not show significant differences between IBA doses and Clonex® for root development (IBA 10 g L-1 - 31.5%, Clonex® - 29.4%, and IBA 5 g L-1 - 27.4%). November was the best cutting season for root development of semi-hardwood cuttings (10.0%).
Los árboles de macadamia requieren un largo período para empezar la floración cuando se propagan por semillas. Para anticipar el rendimiento, mantener las características del cultivar y aumentar la homogeneidad de la calidad de las nueces, es esencial establecer huertos con árboles injertados. Aunque se han realizado ensayos de propagación de esta planta por estacas semileñosas en Brasil, ningún método ha demostrado ser el apropiado a gran escala debido a las dificultades en la implementación de las técnicas o al alto costo. El establecimiento de un protocolo eficiente y accesible puede proporcionar una gran mejora a esta cadena productiva ya que satisfará la demanda de viveros y estimulará la expansión de los huertos. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un protocolo para la propagación de macadamia por estacas semileñosas. Seis cultivares (HAES 344, HAES 816, HAES 660, IAC 4-12B, IAC 9-20, e IAC 4-20) fueron evaluados y seleccionados por su amplio cultivo en Brasil. El material de propagación se recolectó durante cuatro meses (octubre y noviembre de 2018 y febrero y marzo de 2019). Las estacas semileñosas se sumergieron en ácido indolbutírico (AIB) en tres concentraciones diferentes (0, 5, o 10 g L-1), y en el producto comercial Clonex®. El experimento se realizó siguiendo un diseño bidireccional con cuatro repeticiones y los datos fueron analizados por el software R. El cultivar IAC 4-12B mostró el índice más alto para el desarrollo de las raíces (37.0%). Los tratamientos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las dosis de AIB y Clonex® para el desarrollo de las raíces (AIB 10 g L-1 - 31.5%, Clonex® - 29.4%, AIB 5 g L-1 - 27.4%). Noviembre fue la mejor temporada de recolección para el enraizamiento de las estacas semileñosas (10.0%).
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