Published

2021-05-01

A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review

Un esquema básico de transformación de soya para tolerancia a glifosato usando Agrobacterium tumefaciens a través de una aproximación de patentes: una revisión

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644

Keywords:

Glycine max, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), genetically modified crop, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase, intellectual property rights (en)
Glycine max, N-(fosfonometil)glicina), cultivo genéticamente modificado, 5-enolpiruvilshikimato-3-fosfato sintasa, derechos de propiedad intelectual (es)

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Concern has been expressed on the control of agricultural biotechnology through patents that may adversely affect the development of competing crops. Soybean is one of the most important crops around the world (~287 million t per year), above potatoes (45 million t per year), tomatoes (23 million t per year), or wheat (116 million t per year), with prices for American producers ranging between USD 278.8 and USD 650.3 t-1. Soybean belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been genetically modified (GM) to improve its tolerance to herbicides, including glyphosate, its resistance to insect pests, and the quality of soy oil. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean has received a gene coding for the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There are a number of variables that contribute to the development of a GM soybean event. Such variables include tissue culture, selection methods, cloning vectors, and Agrobacterium strains that affect transformation efficiency and can be associated with patents. Chlorine gas disinfection is the most appropriate technique for plant material. Production of explants with shoots and molecular and phenotypic features (e.g., antibiotic susceptibility) of bacterial strain must be assessed. A long-term glyphosate selection arrangement is the most suitable and a consistent approach for the selection of events of GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate. Freedom-to-operate evaluation must be carried out to find the specific elements neccesary for GM plant development that do not infringe the rights of third parties. These rights come into effect from the patent application date for a definite geographical region involving construct design and its synthesis, transformation vector, bacterial strain, methods, or reporter gene. In this review, the protocols relating to experiments for the development of GM soybean using an epsps gene are included, and considerations relating to intellectual property rights are involved. The major elements associated with each stage of the development of patents are described including the following: the soybean genotype, seed disinfection, genetic construct design and its synthesis, tissue culture protocols, selection strategy without gene reporter, and Agrobacterium strain. This review is a guide for carrying out technical procedures when the desired product is the off-patent GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate.

Se ha expresado preocupación por el control de la biotecnología agrícola a través de patentes que pueden afectar negativamente el desarrollo de cultivos competitivos. La soya es uno de los cultivos productivos más importantes alrededor del mundo (~287 millones t/año) por encima de la papa (45 millones t/año), el tomate (23 millones t/año) o el trigo (116 millones t/año), con precios para los productores estadounidenses que oscilan entre USD 278.8 y USD 650.3 t-1. La soya pertenece a la familia de las Fabaceae y ha sido modificada genéticamente (MG) para mejorar su tolerancia a herbicidas, incluyendo el glifosato, su resistencia a insectos plaga y la calidad del aceite de soya. La soya tolerante al glifosato ha recibido un gen que codifica para la 5-enolpiruvilshikimato-3-fosfato sintasa (EPSPS). Hay una serie de variables que contribuyen al desarrollo de un evento de soya transgénica. Estas variables incluyen el cultivo de tejidos, los métodos de selección, los vectores de transformación y las cepas de Agrobacterium que afectan la eficiencia de transformación y que pueden estar asociadas a patentes. La desinfección con cloro gaseoso es la técnica más adecuada para el material vegetal. Se debe evaluar la producción de explantes con brotes y características moleculares y fenotípicas (por ejemplo, susceptibilidad a los antibióticos) de la cepa bacteriana. Una estrategia de selección de glifosato a largo plazo es el enfoque más adecuado y consistente para la selección de eventos MG de soya tolerante a glifosato. Se debe realizar una evaluación de la libertad de operación para encontrar elementos específicos necesarios para el desarrollo de plantas MG que no infrinjan los derechos de terceros. Estos derechos tienen efecto a partir de la fecha de solicitud de la patente para una región geográfica definida que involucra principalmente el diseño del constructo y su síntesis, el vector de transformación, la cepa bacteriana, los métodos, o el gen reportero. En esta revisión se incluyen protocolos relacionados con experimentos para el desarrollo de soya MG utilizando un gen epsps, y consideraciones relacionadas con los derechos de propiedad intelectual involucrados. Se describen los principales elementos asociados a cada etapa del desarrollo de patentes: el genotipo de soya, la desinfección de semillas, el diseño de constructo genético y su síntesis, los protocolos de cultivo de tejidos, la estrategia de selección sin gen reportero, y la cepa de Agrobacterium. Esta revisión es una guía para llevar a cabo procedimientos técnicos cuando el producto deseado es la soya MG con tolerancia al glifosato libre de patentes.

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How to Cite

APA

Rojas Arias, A. C., Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), A. and López-Pazos, S. A. (2021). A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review. Agronomía Colombiana, 39(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644

ACM

[1]
Rojas Arias, A.C., Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), A. and López-Pazos, S.A. 2021. A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review. Agronomía Colombiana. 39, 2 (May 2021), 145–155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644.

ACS

(1)
Rojas Arias, A. C.; Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), A.; López-Pazos, S. A. A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review. Agron. Colomb. 2021, 39, 145-155.

ABNT

ROJAS ARIAS, A. C.; CHAPARRO-GIRALDO (R. I. P.), A.; LÓPEZ-PAZOS, S. A. A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review. Agronomía Colombiana, [S. l.], v. 39, n. 2, p. 145–155, 2021. DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/92644. Acesso em: 19 apr. 2024.

Chicago

Rojas Arias, Adriana Carolina, Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), and Silvio Alejandro López-Pazos. 2021. “A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review”. Agronomía Colombiana 39 (2):145-55. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644.

Harvard

Rojas Arias, A. C., Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), A. and López-Pazos, S. A. (2021) “A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review”, Agronomía Colombiana, 39(2), pp. 145–155. doi: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644.

IEEE

[1]
A. C. Rojas Arias, A. Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), and S. A. López-Pazos, “A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review”, Agron. Colomb., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 145–155, May 2021.

MLA

Rojas Arias, A. C., A. Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), and S. A. López-Pazos. “A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review”. Agronomía Colombiana, vol. 39, no. 2, May 2021, pp. 145-5, doi:10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.92644.

Turabian

Rojas Arias, Adriana Carolina, Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), and Silvio Alejandro López-Pazos. “A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review”. Agronomía Colombiana 39, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 145–155. Accessed April 19, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/92644.

Vancouver

1.
Rojas Arias AC, Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.) A, López-Pazos SA. A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review. Agron. Colomb. [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 19];39(2):145-5. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/92644

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