Effect of fertilization on yield and phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop
Efecto de la fertilización en el rendimiento y la fenología de la halófita Sarcocornia neei como cultivo emergente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.95014Keywords:
greenhouse, irrigation, seawater, salinity (en)invernadero, riego, agua de mar, salinidad (es)
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Sarcocornia is a vegetable crop that can be irrigated with highly saline water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and study the phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop. Trials were established in a tunnel-type greenhouse and the open field, both including the same fertilizer treatments with two doses of N (40 and 80 g N per plant). The plants were harvested three times by collecting all vegetative parts located 5 cm above the soil. Four plants per replicate were observed once a week to determine the phenological stages through the seasons in Chile (fall, spring, and summer). A two-way analysis of variance was performed for the experimental data that revealed differences between treatments and trials. The yields were significantly different between the open field and greenhouse trials in all seasons. The summer and spring harvests obtained the highest yields in treatments with 40 g N per plant. The highest yield was obtained in the greenhouse trial with 40 g N per plant at the summer harvest (45.33 g dry matter per plant). The open field trial showed no differences between the fertilizer treatments in all seasons. According to the plant phenology, the greenhouse cultivation was found to be advantageous in causing the plants to avoid the winter dormant period. The yield of S. neei under greenhouse conditions is the basis for further research.
Sarcocornia es un cultivo vegetal que puede ser regado con agua altamente salina. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue la evaluación del rendimiento y el estudio de la fenología de la halófita Sarcocornia neei como un cultivo potencial. Se establecieron ensayos dentro de un invernadero y en campo abierto; ambos ensayos incluyeron los mismos tratamientos de fertilización con dos dosis de N (40 y 80 g N por planta). Las plantas se cosecharon tres veces recolectando todas las partes vegetativas ubicadas 5 cm por encima del suelo. Se evaluaron cuatro plantas por réplica una vez por semana para determinar las etapas fenológicas durante las estaciones en Chile (otoño, primavera y verano). Se realizó un análisis de varianza bifactorial para los datos que reveló diferencias entre los tratamientos y entre ensayos. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento entre los ensayos a campo abierto y de invernadero en todas las estaciones. Las cosechas de verano y primavera obtuvieron el mayor rendimiento para los tratamientos con 40 g de N por planta. El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo en el ensayo de invernadero con 40 g de N por planta en la cosecha realizada en verano (45.33 g de masa seca por planta). El ensayo de campo abierto no mostró diferencias entre los tratamientos de fertilización en todas las estaciones. Según la fenología de la especie, el cultivo bajo invernadero presentó ventajas, observándose que las plantas evitan el período de receso invernal. El rendimiento de S. neei bajo condiciones de invernadero es la base para futuras investigaciones.
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