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Evaluation of the drying process and toxic metal contents in yerba mate cultivated in southern Brazil
Evaluación del proceso de secado y contenido de metales tóxicos en la yerba mate cultivada en el sur de Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96535Keywords:
diffusion, drying, modelling, Ilex paraguariensis (en)difusión, secado, modelado, Ilex paraguariensis (es)
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The drying kinetics of yerba mate leaves from southern Brazil was investigated theoretically and experimentally in a drying oven at 70°C. The effect of drying conditions on the moisture ratio, drying rate, and effective diffusivity of yerba mate leaves was evaluated. Five drying models were fitted to experimental data. Additionally, the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Hg in the yerba mate leaves were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that all samples only showed a falling rate period without a constant rate of drying. The Midilli model showed the best fit of experimental data. All samples showed levels of Hg higher than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Monitoring programs and other studies are required to prevent the intake of yerba mate products contaminated with toxic metals.
La cinética del secado de hojas de yerba mate del sur de Brasil se investigó experimental y teóricamente en un horno de secado a 70°C. Se evaluó el efecto de las condiciones de secado sobre la proporción de humedad, la velocidad de secado y la difusividad efectiva de las hojas de yerba mate. Se ajustaron cinco modelos de secado a los datos experimentales. Además, se determinó la concentración de As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr y Hg en las hojas de yerba mate mediante espectrometría de emisión óptica de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP-OES). Los resultados revelaron que todas las muestras solo presentaron un período de tiempo de velocidad decreciente sin periodo de velocidad constante de secado. El modelo Midilli mostró el mejor ajuste de los datos experimentales. Todas las muestras presentaron niveles de Hg superiores a los permitidos por la legislación brasileña. Se requieren programas de monitoreo y otros estudios para prevenir la ingesta de productos de yerba mate contaminados con metales tóxicos.
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