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Dual-purpose production of forage and seeds in maize by detopping and defoliation
Producción doble propósito de forraje y semillas en maíz mediante una poda apical y defoliación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98170Keywords:
dual-purpose crop, germination, mother plant (en)cultivo de doble propósito, germinación, planta madre (es)
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Maize is one of the most productive crops whose seeds are used in the poultry sector as one of the main ingredients in their diet. It is also important forage for ruminants as silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of defoliation and detopping on dual-purpose maize production in field (Kermanshah, Iran, Mediterranean climate conditions) and laboratory experiments. The study included a control (intact plant), removal of leaves at the top of the ear, removal of leaves under the ear, removal of all leaves, detopping (stem removal at the top of the ear), and detopping including removal of leaves under the ear. In the laboratory experiment, germination traits were assessed in seeds obtained from the mother plants in the field experiment. The field and laboratory experiments were conducted with a randomized complete block design and completely randomized design, respectively. The data were analyzed using a general linear model. The removal of leaves under the ear produced an increased seed number per row compared to the removal of leaves at the top of the ear. Intact plants (control) and the plants defoliated under the ear had a higher 100-seed weight than other treatments. There was no difference between detopping and control plants in seed yield. Removal of leaves under the ear of mother plants produced a lower seed germination percentage (83%), radicle length (11.3 cm), and seed vigor than in other treatments. The results show that maize can be cultivated as a dual-purpose crop for forage and seed production.
El maíz es uno de los cultivos más productivos cuyas semillas se utilizan en el sector avícola como uno de los principales ingredientes de la dieta; además, es un forraje importante para la alimentación de rumiantes en forma de silo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la defoliación y poda apical en la producción de maíz de doble propósito en campo (Kermanshah, Irán, condiciones de clima mediterráneo) y laboratorio. El estudio incluyó un control (planta intacta), eliminación de hojas en la parte superior de la mazorca, eliminación de hojas debajo de la mazorca, eliminación de todas las hojas, poda apical (eliminación del tallo en la parte superior de la mazorca), y poda apical más eliminación de hojas debajo de la mazorca. En el experimento de laboratorio, se evaluaron parámetros de germinación de las semillas producidas de plantas madre del experimento en campo. El experimento de campo y de laboratorio se llevaron a cabo con un diseño en bloques completos al azar y un diseño completamente al azar, respectivamente. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo lineal generalizado. La remoción de hojas debajo de la mazorca produjo un mayor número de semillas por fila que la remoción de hojas en la parte superior de la mazorca. Las plantas intactas (control) y las plantas defoliadas debajo de la mazorca tuvieron un peso de 100 semillas más alto que otros tratamientos. No hubo diferencia entre la poda apical y el control en el rendimiento de semillas. La eliminación de las hojas debajo de la mazorca de las plantas madre produjo un porcentaje de germinación de semillas (83%), longitud de radícula (11.3 cm) y vigor de semilla más bajos que otros tratamientos. Los resultados muestran que el maíz puede ser cultivado como un cultivo de doble propósito, con producción de forraje y de semillas.
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