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Plant growth and phosphorus uptake of coffee seedlings through mycorrhizal inoculation
Crecimiento y absorción de fósforo en plántulas de café a través de la inoculación micorrizal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98599Keywords:
Coffea arabica, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, mycorrhizal colonization, shoot dry weight, soil testing (en)Coffea arabica, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, colonización micorrizal, masa seca aérea, análisis de suelo (es)
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Soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for coffee seedling growth. Usually, large amounts of P fertilizers are required, generating nutritional imbalance, increasing production costs, and raising environmental concerns in water pollution. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant P uptake and growth and reduce the dose of P fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a substrate containing Paleudult soil and quartz sand, with low level of soluble P (1 mg kg-1), to establish the effect of AMF inoculation with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum on coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia) seedlings growth and P uptake under three levels of P in soil solution (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1). AMF colonization was significantly reduced when contents of P in solution increased. Shoot dry weight and P foliar concentration were increased by the AMF inoculation when soil P in solution was 0.02 mg L-1; these effects were lower at 0.2 mg L-1 and null at 0.002 mg L-1 P. Results showed that AMF inoculation can play an important role in the growth of coffee seedlings as long as the content P in soil solution maintains intermediate level. At the lowest P level, the response of coffee seedlings to AMF inoculation was ineffective, while at the highest level, AMF application was unnecessary for coffee growth.
La disponibilidad de fósforo (P) es limitante para el crecimiento del café. Usualmente se recomiendan altas cantidades de fertilizantes fosfóricos, causando desbalances nutricionales, incrementos en los costos y contaminación. El uso de hongos arbusculares formadores de micorrizas (HFM) puede promover el crecimiento y la absorción de P del café, reduciendo las cantidades de fertilizantes fosfóricos. Se condujo un experimento en condiciones de invernadero, en un sustrato compuesto por un suelo Paleudult mezclado con arena cuarcítica y con bajo nivel de P soluble (1 mg kg-1), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del HFM Rhizoglomus fasciculatum en el crecimiento y la absorción de P en plántulas de café (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia) a tres niveles de P en solución del suelo (0.002, 0.02 y 0.2 mg L-1). La colonización de HFM se redujo significativamente con los incrementos en P del suelo. La masa seca total de las plantas y la absorción de P se incrementaron con el HFM a niveles de 0.02 mg L-1 de P en solución, fueron bajos a 0.2 mg L-1 de P y nulos a 0.002 mg L-1 de P. Los resultados mostraron que la inoculación con HFM juega un importante papel en el crecimiento de las plántulas de café, siempre y cuando el P de la solución del suelo se mantenga en un nivel intermedio. A niveles de P en solución muy bajos, la respuesta al HFM fue inefectiva, mientras que, a valores muy altos, la aplicación de HFM fue innecesaria para el crecimiento del café.
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