Quality of Butia capitata fruits harvested at different maturity stages
Calidad de frutos de Butia capitata cosechados en diferentes estados de madurez
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99651Keywords:
coquinho azedo, postharvest, quality, ripening (en)coquinho azedo, poscosecha, calidad, maduración (es)
Downloads
Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. or “coquinho azedo” is a native palm species of the Brazilian savannah, bears fruits which are sold fresh or as frozen pulp. This study examined postharvest changes in “coquinho azedo” harvested at a commercially immature stage and later evaluated the quality of these fruits by comparing them with those harvested fully ripe. Fruit purchased in the 2020 harvest in Santo Antônio do Retiro, MG (Brazil), were harvested at different degrees of maturity, namely, commercially immature and ripe, according to the point of harvest adopted in the region. For 7 d, weight loss, skin color and respiratory activity were evaluated in the commercially immature-harvested fruits. At 7 d postharvest, physical and chemical evaluations of the pulp were performed. The ripe-harvested fruits were subjected to the same evaluations, but only at 1 d postharvest. The skin color of commercially immature-harvested fruits tended to yellow over the days. Respiration postharvest increased in the immature-harvested fruits. Fresh weight loss exceeded 10% but without compromising appearance. The commercially immature-harvested fruits had 55% more total phenols, whereas the ripe-harvested fruits had higher soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents. Pulp color, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and total carotenoid contents were similar regardless of the degree of maturity at harvest. During the days after the harvest of the commercially immature “coquinho azedo”, changes take place which cause them to resemble the fruit harvested ripe. Based on the evaluated traits, the early harvest did not compromise the ripening of the fruits.
Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. o “coquinho azedo” es una especie de palma nativa de la flora brasileña, produce frutos que se venden frescos o como pulpa congelada. Este estudio examinó los cambios poscosecha en los frutos de “coquinho azedo” recolectados en su etapa comercialmente inmaduros y evaluó su calidad comparándola con los cosechados completamente maduros. Los frutos adquiridos en la cosecha de 2020 en Santo Antônio do Retiro, MG (Brasil), fueron cosechados en diferentes grados de madurez: inmaduros o maduros según el punto de cosecha adoptado en la región. Durante 7 d, se evaluó la pérdida de peso, el color de la epidermis y la actividad respiratoria en los frutos inmaduros recolectados. A los 7 d poscosecha, se realizaron evaluaciones físicas y químicas de la pulpa. Los frutos cosechados maduros fueron sometidos a las mismas evaluaciones, pero 1 d después de recolectados. El color de la epidermis de los frutos inmaduros tendió a amarillearse con el paso de los días. La respiración poscosecha aumentó en los frutos inmaduros. La pérdida de peso fresco superó el 10%, pero sin comprometer la apariencia. Los frutos cosechados inmaduros tuvieron un 55% más de fenoles totales, mientras que los maduros tuvieron mayores niveles de sólidos solubles y ácido ascórbico. El color de la pulpa, la relación solidos solubles/acidez titulable y el contenido de carotenoides totales fueron similares independiente del estado de madurez en la cosecha. Durante los días posteriores a la cosecha del “coquinho azedo” comercialmente inmaduro, ocurren cambios que los hacen similares a los cosechados maduros. Con base en las características evaluadas, la anticipación de la cosecha no comprometió la maduración de los frutos.
References
Barbosa, M. C. A., Rosa, Q. S., Cardoso, L. M., Gomides, A. F. F., Barbosa, L. C. A., Sant’Anna, H. M. P., Pinheiro, S. S., Peluzio, M. C. G., Teixeira, R. B. L., & Valente, M. A. S. (2021). Composition proximate, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Butia capitata. Food Science and Technology, 41(suppl 2), 763–764. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.26720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.26720
Braman, K., Ahmad, S., & Siddiqui, M. W. (2015). Factors affecting the quality of fruits and vegetables. In M. W. Siddiqui (Ed.), Postharvest biology and technology of horticultural crops (pp.1–51) CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b18438
Brasil - Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (2013). Análises Físico-Químicas de Bebidas e Vinagres – BEB (MET BEB/001/001). Método para determinação de ácido ascórbico. Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - Lanagro, SP. https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/laboratorios/credenciamento-e-laboratorios-credenciados/legislacao-metodos-credenciados/arquivos-metodos-da-area-bev-iqa/met-beb-001_001-analises-fisico-quimicas-de-bebidas-e-vinagres.pdf/view
Canton, M., Drincovich, M. F., Lara, M. V., Vizzotto, G., Walker, R. P., Famiani, F., & Bonghi, C. (2020). Metabolism of stone fruits: reciprocal contribution between primary metabolism and cell wall. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, Article 1054. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01054
Cao, F., Guan, C., Dai, H., Li, X., & Zhang, Z. (2015). Soluble solids content is positively correlated with phosphorus content in ripening strawberry fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 195, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.018
Castricini, A., Martineli, M., Oliveira, L. D. P., Santos, J. L. O., Maranhão, C. M. A., & Pereira, M. A. F. J. (2020). Qualidade da polpa congelada de coquinho-azedo. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais. http://www.epamig.br/download/circular-tecnica-323/
Chitarra, M. I. F., & Chitarra, A. B. (2005). Pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças: fisiologia e manuseio (2nd ed.). Editora UFLA.
CNCFlora. (2020, March). Butia capitata in lista vermelha da flora brasileira versão 2012.2. Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora. http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Butia capitata.
Crispim, J. E., Martins, J. C., Pires, J. C., Rosolem, C. A., & Cavariani, C. (1994). Determinação da taxa de respiração em sementes de soja pelo método da titulação. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 29(10), 1517–1521.
Cruz-Rus, E., Amaya, I., Sanchez-Sevilla, J. F., Botella, M. A., & Valpuesta, V. (2011). Regulation of L-ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(12), 4191–4201. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err122
Faria, J. P., Siqueira, E. M. A., Vieira, R. F., & Agostini-Costa, T. D. S. (2011). Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β-carotene and provitamina. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 33(spe1), 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000500084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000500084
Fernandes, L. M. S., Vieites, R. L., Lima, G. P. P., de Lima Braga, C., & do Amaral, J. L. (2017). Caracterização do fruto de pitaia orgânica. Biodiversidade, 16(1), 167–178.
Garavito, J., Mendoza, S. M., & Castellanos, D. A. (2022). Configuration of biodegradable equilibrium modified atmosphere packages, including a moisture absorber for fresh cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 314, Article 110761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110761
Georgé, S., Brat, P., Alter, P., & Amiot, M. J. (2005). Rapid determination of polyphenols and vitamin C in plant-derived products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(5), 1370–1373. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048396b DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048396b
Gonzalez-Jorge, S., Ha, S. H., Magallanes-Lundback, M., Gilliland, L. U., Zhou, A., Lipka, A. E., Nguyen, Y-N., Angelovici, R., Lin, H., Cepela, J., Little, H., Buell, C. R., Gore, M. A., & DellaPenna, D. (2013). Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 is a negative regulator of β-carotene content in Arabidopsis seeds. The Plant Cell, 25(12), 4812–4826. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.119677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.119677
Gutierrez, A. S. D., & Watanabe, H. S. (2017). Desafios do mamão. In M. Zucoloto, & R. Bonomo (Eds.), Fruticultura tropical: diversificação e consolidação (pp.16–25). Alegre, ES: CAUFES. https://biblioteca.incaper.es.gov.br/digital/bitstream/123456789/3615/1/fruticulturatropicalv.2-zucoloto.pdf
Instituto Adolfo Lutz - IAL. (2008). Métodos físico-químicos para análise de alimentos, São Paulo: Instituto Adolfo Lutz.
Kapoor, L., Simkin, A. J., George Priya Doss, C., & Siva, R. (2022). Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC Plant Biology, 22(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w
Khaliq, G., Mohamed, M. T. M., Ali, A., Ding, P., & Ghazali, H. M. (2015). Effect of gum arabic coating combined with calcium chloride on physico-chemical and qualitative properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit during low temperature storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 190, 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.020
Kosar, M., Kafkas, E., Paydas, S., & Baser, K. H. C. (2004). Phenolic composition of strawberry genotypes at different maturation stages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(6), 1586–1589. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035093t DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035093t
Lima, V. V. F., Silva, P. A. D., & Scariot, A. (2010). Boas práticas de manejo para o extrativismo sustentável do coquinho azedo. Brasília: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia.
Lobos, G. A., Bravo, C., Valdés, M., Graell, J., Ayala, I. L., Beaudry, R. M., & Moggia, C. (2018). Within-plant variability in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.): Maturity at harvest and position within the canopy influence fruit firmness at harvest and postharvest. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 146, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.08.004
Maduwanthi, S. D. T., & Marapana, R. A. U. J. (2019). Induced ripening agents and their effect on fruit quality of banana. International Journal of Food Science, 2019, Article 2520179. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2520179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2520179
Maringgal, B., Hashim, N., Mohamed Amin Tawakkal, I. S., Mohamed, M. T. M., Hamzah, M. H., & Mohd Ali, M. (2021). Effect of Kelulut honey nanoparticles coating on the changes of respiration rate, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic content of papaya (Carica papaya L.) during cold storage. Foods, 10(2), Article 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020432 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020432
Mcharek, N., & Hanchi, B. (2017). Maturational effects on phenolic constituents, antioxidant activities and LC-MS/MS profiles of lemon (Citrus limon) peels. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 90, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.001
Nascimento, A. L. A. A., Brandi, I. V., Durães, C. A. F., Lima, J. P. D., Soares, S. B., & Mesquita, B. M. A. D. C. (2020). Chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of native fruits of the Cerrado of northern Minas Gerais. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 23, Article e2019296. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.29619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.29619
Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. (2001). A guide for carotenoids analysis in foods. International Life Sciences Institute Press.
Saini, R. K., Nile, S. H., & Park, S. W. (2015). Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities. Food Research International, 76, 735–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.047
Saltveit, M. E (2016). Respiration metabolism. In K. C. Gross, C. Y. Wang, & M. E. Saltveit (Eds.), The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks (pp. 68–75). Washington: USDA.
Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144–158.
Souza, A. P. R. (2016). Desempenho agronômico do Coquinho azedo em cinco safras [Master of Science dissertation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais]. Biblioteca da UFMG. https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/NCAP-ACVJ62/1/disserta__o_completa_ana_paula__pronta_para_impress_o_1.pdf
Souza, A. G., Fassina, A. C., de Souza Saraiva, F. R., & de Souza, L. (2018). Caracterização físico-química de frutos nativos da região Sul do Brasil. Evidência, 18(1), 81–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18593/eba.v18i1.16546
Spoto, M. H. F., Gutierrez, A. S. D., Silva, P. P. M., & Signorelli, S. A. D. G. (2020). Qualidade bioquímica e fisiologia pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças. In A. R. Alcarde, M. R. d’Arce, & M. H. F. Spoto. (Eds.), Fundamentos da ciência e tecnologia de alimentos (pp. 289–323). Editora Manole Ltda.
Tosun, I., Ustun, N. S., & Tekguler, B. (2008). Physical and chemical changes during ripening of blackberry fruits. Scientia Agrícola, 65(1), 87–90. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162008000100012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162008000100012
Ventura, L. D. J. M., Pereira, G. S. L., Mazzottini-dos-Santos, H. C., de Lima, J. P., Mercadante Simões, M. O., Lopes, P. S. N., & Ribeiro, L. M. (2022). Cytological aspects of Butia capitata (Arecaceae) fruit maturation and senescence. Scientia Horticulturae, 297, Article110938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110938 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110938
Zhao, Y., Zhu, X., Hou, Y., Pan, Y., Shi, L., & Li, X. (2021). Effects of harvest maturity stage on postharvest quality of winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) fruit during cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 277, Article 109778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109778
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
License
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
© Centro Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Reproduction and quotation of material appearing in the journal is authorized provided the following are explicitly indicated: journal name, author(s) name, year, volume, issue and pages of the source. The ideas and observations recorded by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Mention of products or commercial firms in the journal does not constitute a recommendation or endorsement on the part of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia; furthermore, the use of such products should comply with the product label recommendations.
The Creative Commons license used by Agronomia Colombiana journal is: Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike (by-nc-sa)
![Licencia de Creative Commons](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
Agronomia Colombiana by Centro Editorial of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License.
Creado a partir de la obra en http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/.