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Biomass decomposition dynamic in agroforestry systems with Theobroma cacao L. in Rionegro, Santander (Colombia)
Dinámica de descomposición de la biomasa en sistemas agroforestales con Theobroma cacao L., Rionegro, Santander (Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n2.60981Keywords:
plant litter, nutrient release, organic matter, shade trees, cacao crop (en)hojarasca, liberación de nutrientes, materia orgánica, árboles sombrío, cultivo de cacao (es)
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The study was carried out in an agroforestry system (AFS) with cacao trees already established in La Suiza Research Center, Corpoica, located in Rionegro, Santander (Colombia). The objective was to evaluate biomass input and nutrient release rate of the species that comprise the AFS (Gmelina arbórea, Gliricidia sepium, Cedrela odorata, Theobroma cacao). The plant material decomposition process of the species was monitored with decomposition bags after 8, 15, 23, 84 and 113 days, evaluating remnant weight and nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium content. Results showed significant differences in plant material decomposition of the species considered. The largest weight loss was found in G. arborea (87.55%) and the lowest in C. odorata (40.01%). The highest nutrient release value was found in G. arborea followed by G. sepium, and the lowest in T. cacao and C. odorata.Therefore, depending on the species that comprise the AFS there is a differential leaf biomass decomposition dynamic and hence, of the nutrient input to the soil. Of the species evaluated the highest input of new organic matter to the soil in this AFS comes from G. arborea. Altogether, the litter generated by the species evaluated contributed with 10% of the nutrients required for a cacao harvest.
El estudio se realizó en un sistema agroforestal (SAF) con cacao establecido en el C.I. La Suiza, Corpoica, Rionegro, Santander (Colombia). En este trabajo se evaluó el aporte de biomasa y la tasa de liberación de nutrientes de las especies del SAF (Gmelina arborea, Gliricidia sepium, Cedrela odorata, Theobroma cacao). El proceso de descomposición del material vegetal por especie se monitoreó con bolsas de descomposición los días 8, 15, 23, 84 y 113, evaluando el peso remanente y contenido de nitrógeno, fosforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la descomposición del material vegetal de las especies. La mayor pérdida de peso se observó en G. arborea (87,55%) y la menor en C. odorata (40,01%). La mayor tasa de liberación de nutrientes la presentó G. arborea seguida de G. sepium, y las menores T. cacao y C. odorata. Por tanto, dependiendo de las especies utilizadas, se presenta una dinámica diferencial de descomposición de biomasa foliar y por ende del aporte de nutrientes al suelo. La mayor entrada de nueva materia orgánica al suelo proviene de G. arborea. La hojarasca de todas las especies evaluadas juntas aportó 10% de los nutrientes requeridos para una cosecha de cacao.
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