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Critical dilution curves for calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum) cultivars Diacol Capiro and Pastusa Suprema
Curvas críticas de dilución de calcio, magnesio y azufre en cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. Grupo Andigenum) Diacol Capiro y Pastusa Suprema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98896Keywords:
nutrient concentration, nutrient diagnostics, nutrient harvest index, secondary macronutrients (en)concentración de nutrientes, diagnóstico nutricional, índice de cosecha de nutrientes, macronutrientes secundarios (es)
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Diagnostic tools must be developed to optimize the management of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in potato crops. This research aimed to develop the critical dilution curves for Ca, Mg, and S in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum), establishing harvest indices and characterizing the nutrient relationships. Four field experiments were established in two growth cycles in the localities of Facatativá (high fertility soils) and Chocontá (low fertility soils) in Colombia. Two cultivars (Diacol Capiro and Pastusa Suprema) and two levels of fertilization (0 and 100% of macro and micronutrients) were evaluated. The dry biomass and Ca, Mg, and S concentration in tubers and aerial parts were measured from the formation of main stems until tuber maturation; this information was used to calculate the critical concentrations (Cac, Mgc, Sc), harvest indices, and nutrient correlations. The critical curves established were for Capiro: Cac = 1.7326W-0.2956, Mgc = 0.7191W-0.2803, Sc = 0.6461W-0.3904 and for Suprema: Cac = 1.523W-0.2559, Mgc = 0.6507W-0.236, Sc = 0.7669W-0.3932. Critical levels were established for five phenological stages. Capiro had a higher accumulation of Ca, Mg, and S in the tubers independently of locality, while Suprema had better performance in Chocontá. The accumulation of mineral nutrients in the tubers followed the order Ca<Mg<S. Capiro was a genotype with greater Ca-Mg-S uptake and better adaptation to locations. The Cac, Mgc and Sc curves provided a tool to carry out the nutritional diagnoses at critical stages of development and they are the first ones reported for potato of Group Andigenum.
Herramientas de diagnóstico deben ser desarrolladas para optimizar el manejo de calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg) y azufre (S) en cultivos de papa. La investigación tuvo como objetivos desarrollar las curvas críticas de dilución para Ca, Mg y S en papa (Solanum tuberosum L. Grupo Andigenum), establecer sus índices de cosecha y caracterizar la relación entre nutrientes. Se establecieron cuatro experimentos en campo en dos ciclos, en las localidades de Facatativá (suelos de alta fertilidad) y Chocontá (suelos de baja fertilidad) en Colombia. Se evaluaron dos cultivares (Diacol Capiro y Pastusa Suprema) y dos niveles de fertilización (0 y 100% de macro y micronutrientes). Se midió la biomasa seca y concentración de Ca, Mg y S en tubérculos y parte aérea, desde la formación de tallos principales hasta maduración del tubérculo y se calcularon las concentraciones críticas (Cac, Mgc, Sc), índices de cosecha y correlaciones entre nutrientes. Las curvas criticas establecidas para Capiro fueron: Cac = 1.7326W-0.2956, Mgc = 0.7191W-0.2803, Sc = 0.6461W-0.3904 y para Suprema: Cac = 1.523W-0.2559, Mgc = 0.6507W-0.236, Sc = 0.7669W-0.3932. Se establecieron niveles críticos para cinco etapas fenológicas del cultivo. Capiro presentó mayor acumulación de Ca, Mg y S en el tubérculo independiente de la localidad, mientras Suprema tuvo mejor desempeño en Chocontá. La acumulación de nutrientes minerales en los tubérculos siguió el orden Ca<Mg<S. Capiro mostró ser un genotipo de mayor consumo de Ca-Mg-S y de mejor adaptación a localidades con condiciones edafoclimáticas contrastantes. Las curvas de Cac, Mgc y Sc proporcionan una herramienta para realizar el diagnóstico nutricional en etapas críticas del desarrollo y son las primeras reportadas en cultivos de papa del Grupo Andigenum.
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Creado a partir de la obra en http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/.
