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Nutritional characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, husks and flowers from two regions of Mexico
Caracterización nutricional de hojas, semillas, cáscara y flores de Moringa oleifera de dos regiones de México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.82644Palabras clave:
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, phenols, flavonoids, proximate composition (en)Capacidad Antioxidante Equivalente de Trolox, Capacidad Absorción Radicales de Oxígeno, fenoles, flavonoides, composición proximal (es)
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Moringa oleifera (MO) is a native tree species found in the south of the Himalayas, India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan that is used commercially to produce tea, animal fodder and herbal medicines. The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional characteristics of different parts of the MO plant from two regions of Mexico (States of Guerrero and Sonora). The proximal composition analyses (protein, lipids, ashes and fiber) were carried out according to the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), and the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Protein (38.5%) and lipid contents (42.2%) were higher in MO seeds compared to other plant parts. These results were similar between the two regions of Mexico that were evaluated. MO flowers from Guerrero showed the highest content of phenols and tannins (1908.71 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) 100 g-1, 220.27 mg Catechin Equivalents (CE) 100 g-1, respectively) while MO leaves from Sonora showed the highest flavonoid content (2859 mg GAE 100 g-1). The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) analysis showed that MO husks obtained from Guerrero had the highest antioxidant capacity (224.45 μmol Trolox Equivalents (TE) g-1). The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) test showed that MO flowers from Guerrero had the high- est antioxidant capacity (382 μmol (TE) g-1). The differences between MO from the two different regions reported in this attributed to factors such as soil type, climatic conditions and the growing region.
La Moringa oleifera (MO) es una especie arbórea nativa del sur del Himalaya, India, Bangladesh, Afganistán y Pakistán, utilizada comercialmente para producir té, forraje para animales y medicinas herbales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las características nutricionales de diferentes partes de la planta de MO provenientes de dos regiones de México (Estados de Guerrero y Sonora). Los análisis de composición proximal (lípidos, proteínas, cenizas y fibra) se realizaron en base a las metodologías establecidas por la Asociación de Químicos Analíticos Oficiales (AOAC), y la determinación de capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos se realizó por métodos espectrofotométricos. Los contenidos de proteínas (38.5%) y lípidos (42.2%) de las semillas de MO fueron los más altos en comparación con otras partes de la planta. Estos resultados fueron similares entre las dos regiones de México que fueron evaluadas. Las flores de MO de Guerrero mostraron el mayor contenido de fenoles y taninos (1908.71 mg Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico (EAG) 100 g-1, 220.27 mg Equivalentes de Catequina (EC) 100 g-1, respectivamente) mientras que las hojas MO de Sonora mostraron el mayor contenido de flavonoides (2859 mg EAG 100 g-1). El análisis de Capacidad Antioxidante Equivalente de Trolox (CAET) mostró que las cáscaras de MO obtenidas en la región de Guerrero tienen la mayor capacidad antioxidante (224.45 μmol Equivalentes de Trolox (ET) g-1). La prueba de Capacidad de Absorción de Radicales de Oxígeno (CARO) señaló que las flores de MO de Guerrero tienen la mayor capacidad antioxidante (382 μmol ET g-1). La diferencia entre el MO de las dos regiones diferentes reportadas en este estudio podría atribuirse a factores como el tipo de suelo, las condiciones climáticas y la región de siembra.
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