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Congruencia ideológica en América Latina. Una propuesta de medición en tres niveles de representación política: elites, ciudadanos y programas electorales
IDEOLOGICAL CONGRUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA. A PROPOSAL FOR MEASURING THREE LEVELS OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION: ELITES, CITIZENS, AND ELECTORAL PROGRAMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v35n104.105165Palabras clave:
congruencia ideológica, élites, América Latina, programas electorales, partidos políticos, representación (es)Ideological congruence, Elites, Latin America, Party manifestos, Political parties, Representation (en)
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El estudio de la congruencia política permite determinar hasta qué punto las posturas de los gobernantes y partidos políticos reflejan las preferencias ciudadanas; es, por lo tanto la congruencia política, un indicativo de la representación política y del estado de la democracia. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el grado de congruencia entre los posicionamientos ideológicos en América Latina, desde una visión integral -ciudadanos, legisladores y programas gubernamentales- implementando una estrategia multinivel que ubica a los partidos políticos como unidad de análisis. Los resultados arrojan, de forma holística y descriptiva, la observación de realidad ideológica de la región, donde destacan la variedad de vínculos y trayectorias ideológicas de los sistemas de partidos latinoamericanos, así como los bajos niveles de congruencia durante la última década.
The study of political congruence makes it possible to determine to what extent the positions of repre- sentatives reflect citizen preferences; it is, therefore, an indication of political representation and the state of democracy. This work aims to determine the degree of ideological congruence in Latin America from an integral perspective: citizens, legislators, and government programs, by implementing a multilevel strategy that places political parties as the unit of analysis. The results provide a holistic and descriptive observation of the ideological reality of the region, highlighting the variety of ties and ideological trajectories of Latin American party systems, which demonstrate low levels of congruence during the last decade.
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