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Los tres regímenes del opio en Asia en el siglo XIX
THREE OPIUM REGIMES IN ASIA IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v35n105.107761Palabras clave:
prohibicionismo, opio, este de Asia, China, Japón (es)prohibition, opium, East Asia, China, Japan (en)
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En el este de Asia hay una vieja tradición de rechazo al opio, por razones religiosas y políticas, y que se concretó en prohibiciones, las cuales, según algunas fuentes, se remontan al siglo XIV, pero solo pue den datarse con certeza desde el siglo XVIII. Desde fines de ese último siglo, neerlandeses y británicos forzaron la apertura de mercados para el opio en el Sudeste Asiático y en China. El único país que permaneció al margen fue Japón. Sobre la base de estas experiencias, se propone la identificación de tres regímenes distintos de opio en la región: la legalización plena en el Sudeste Asiático, la legalización parcial en China y la prohibición en Japón. El artículo finaliza con algunas sugerencias acerca del influjo de estos tres modelos sobre el prohibicionismo global de las drogas en el siglo XX.
In East Asia, there is an old tradition to reject opium for religious and political reasons that took the form of prohibitions, which date back to the fourteenth century according to some sources but can only be dated with certainty from the eighteenth century. Since the end of this latter century, the Dutch and British forced the opening of markets for opium in Southeast Asia and China. The only country that remained on the sidelines was Japan. Based on these experiences, the study proposes identifying three different opium regimes in the region: full legalization in Southeast Asia, partial legalization in China, and prohibition in Japan. The article ends with some suggestions for the influence of these three models on global drug prohibitionism in the twentieth century.
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