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La guerra en el dominio marítimo del siglo XXI
MARITIME DOMINION WARFARE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v38n110.122245Palabras clave:
Derecho Marítimo, Guerra marítima, Poder marítimo, Conflicto híbrido, Zona gris (es)Maritime Domain, Maritime Warfare, Sea Power, Hybrid Conflict, Grey-Zone (en)
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Este artículo analiza la transformación de la guerra en el dominio marítimo en el siglo XXI, desde un enfoque transdisciplinar que articula geopolítica, estudios estratégicos, relaciones internacionales, seguridad y derecho internacional. Se argumenta que el mar es hoy un espacio de conflicto híbrido, donde confluyen disputas interestatales, actores no estatales, presiones legales y tecnologías emergentes. A través del estudio de casos como el Mar del Sur de China, el Mar Negro, el Mar Rojo, el Ártico y el Caribe, se evidencian continuidades y rupturas frente a las guerras marítimas tradicionales. El artículo concluye que es necesario fortalecer la gobernanza marítima y adaptar los marcos normativos a las nuevas formas de guerra en el mar.
This article explores the transformation of maritime warfare in the 21st century through a transdisciplinary approach that integrates geopolitics, strategic studies, international relations, security, and international law. It argues that the sea has become a space of hybrid conflict, where state rivalries, non-state actors, legal pressure, and emerging technologies converge. Case studies from the South China Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Arctic, and Caribbean illustrate both continuities and changes in maritime conflict. The article concludes that contemporary maritime warfare challenges traditional frameworks and demands the strengthening of governance mechanisms and legal adaptation to address new dynamics and risks in the global maritime domain.
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