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La feminización de la guerra: avances y retrocesos entre los siglos XX y XXI
THE FEMINIZATION OF WAR: ADVANCES AND SETBACKS BETWEEN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v38n110.122254Palabras clave:
Soldadas, Mujeres, Combatientes, Feminización, Guerrilleras (es)Female soldiers, Women, Female combatants, Feminization, Female Guerrillas (en)
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Este artículo analiza los avances y retrocesos en la feminización de la guerra, definida aquí como la inclusión femenina de forma masiva en ejércitos nacionales y fuerzas irregulares rebeldes. Esto a través del seguimiento a los casos con mayor participación femenina en tres tipos de conflictos: las grandes guerras de alcance mundial; revoluciones y guerras de guerrillas; y lo que ha sido denominado como “nuevas guerras”. Hubo dos grandes vías para la integración femenina al ámbito militar durante el siglo XX: i) los ejércitos aliados y grupos de la resistencia durante las dos Guerras Mundiales y ii) las revoluciones inspiradas en el materialismo dialéctico. Para el siglo XXI, iii) los ejércitos predadores, así como los creados sobre líneas étnicas y religiosas, también desarrollaron políticas de inclusión. Sin embargo, una vez que la guerra termina, las promesas de igualdad femenina son fácilmente olvidadas en todos estos casos.
This article analyzes the advances and setbacks in the feminization of warfare, defined as the massive inclusion of women in national armies and irregular rebel forces. This by following the most important cases of female participation in three types of conflicts: major global wars; revolutions and guerrilla warfare; and the "new wars". There were two major avenues for female integration into the military during the 20th century: (i) the Allied armies and resistance groups during the two World Wars; and (ii) the revolutions inspired by dialectical materialism. In the 21st century, (iii) predatory armies, as well as those created along ethnic and religious lines, have also developed inclusion policies. However, once the war ends, the promises of female equality are often easily forgotten in all such cases.
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