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El desafío populista a la democracia: una aproximación teórica y empírica
THE POPULIST CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRACY: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v38n111.125136Palabras clave:
Populismo, Enfoque ideacional, Líder narcisista maligno, Regresión colectiva, Des/empoderamiento (es)Populism, Ideational approach, Malignant narcissistic leader, Collective regression, Disempowerment/empowerment (en)
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Los regímenes democráticos enfrentan varios desafíos. Uno muy específico es el surgimiento y consolidación de movimientos y partidos populistas. Su plataforma anti-elitista y anti-pluralista socava las bases de la deliberación política, la alternancia en el poder y el imperio del derecho. En este artículo, llevamos a cabo un análisis teórico y empírico del populismo, en el cual mostramos el itinerario conceptual del estudio de este fenómeno, las limitaciones del llamado enfoque ideacional y hacemos una contribución a la caracterización del populismo destacando el rol que juegan líderes narcisistas malignos. Además, con base en datos de la Séptima Ola de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores y otras fuentes, presentamos los resultados de un análisis factorial múltiple que permitió distinguir tres grupos de países por sus grados de desigualdad, violencia homicida, percepción de honestidad/corrupción, confianza en las instituciones y confianza interpersonal, interés en la política y creencia (o no) en el infierno.
Democratic regimes face several challenges. One very specific is the emergence and consolidation of populist movements and parties. Their anti-elitist and anti-pluralist platform undermines the foundations of political deliberation, the alternation of power, and the rule of law. In this article, we conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of populism, showcasing the conceptual path for studying this phenomenon and the limitations of the so-called ideational approach. We contribute to the characterization of populism by highlighting the role played by malignant narcissistic leaders. Furthermore, based on data from the Seventh Wave of the World Values Survey
and other sources, we present the results of a multiple factor analysis that allowed us to distinguish three groups of countries based on their levels of inequality, homicidal violence, perceptions of honesty/corruption, trust in institutions and interpersonal trust, interest in politics, and belief (or lack thereof) in hell.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Análisis Político
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