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Algocracias y crisis de legitimidad: modelos globales de gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial y erosión democrática
ALGORACIES AND CRISES OF LEGITIMACY: GLOBAL MODELS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRATIC EROSION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v38n111.125141Palabras clave:
Algocracia, Legitimidad, Democracia, Inteligencia Artificial, índice de Alineación (es)Algocracy, Legitimacy, Democracy, Artificial Intelligence, Alignment Index (en)
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La expansión de la inteligencia artificial en la gestión pública plantea tensiones entre eficiencia, soberanía y legitimidad democrática. Este artículo propone el Índice de Alineación Algocrática, que clasifica a 35 países según su cercanía a Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y China, integrando dimensiones normativas, diplomáticas e infraestructurales. Los resultados muestran un patrón tripolar: la alineación con la Unión Europea se asocia con mayores niveles de democracia, mientras que la cercanía a Estados Unidos o China tiende a vincularse con menor legitimidad. No obstante, el modelo europeo también implica riesgos de subordinación regulatoria para terceros países. La contribución es metodológica, al ofrecer un índice comparativo de alineación algocrática, y empírica, al evidenciar asociaciones entre modelos de gobernanza de IA y la legitimidad democrática.
The expansion of artificial intelligence in public administration raises tensions between efficiency, sovereignty, and democratic legitimacy. This article proposes the Algorithmic Alignment Index, which ranks 35 countries according to their proximity to the United States, the European Union, and China, integrating normative, diplomatic, and infrastructural dimensions. The results reveal a tripolar pattern: alignment with the European Union is associated with higher levels of democracy, while proximity to the United States or China tends to be linked to lower legitimacy. Nevertheless, the European model also entails risks of regulatory subordination for third countries. The contribution is both methodological, by offering a comparative index of algorithmic alignment, and empirical, by showing associations between AI governance models and democratic legitimacy.
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