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Intervención educativa de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético
Self-care educational intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot
Intervenção educativa de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.101311Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Pie Diabético, Educación en Salud, Autocuidado (es)Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot, Health Education, Self-Care (en)
Diabetes Mellitus, Pie Diabético, Educación en Salud, Autocuidado (pt)
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Objetivo: evaluar los cambios de una intervención educativa en la prevención del pie diabético en el nivel de autocuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, tipo antes y después, con una muestra de 79 participantes. La medición pretest incluyó la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de los participantes, así como su clasificación en categoría de riesgo y nivel de autocuidado. Se implementó una intervención educativa, tras lo cual se llevó a cabo la medición postest del nivel de autocuidado.
Resultados: la mediana de edad de los participantes fue de 62 años y el 62 % (n = 49) de estos corresponden a personas de sexo femenino. Los participantes presentaban antecedentes como hormigueo (n = 58; 73,4 %), claudicación (n = 14; 17,7 %), falta de educación previa (n = 25; 31,6 %) y uso de calzado/medias inadecuadas (n = 21; 26,6 %). La mitad de ellos se ubicaron en categorías altas de riesgo de pie diabético. Se identificaron cambios significativos en el nivel de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético posterior a la intervención educativa (p = 0,0000).
Conclusiones: la intervención educativa implementada mostró mejoras en el nivel de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético. Esta intervención abordó dimensiones emocionales, sociales, automanejo de la diabetes y cuidado pedio. Se recomienda su aplicación en poblaciones similares.
Objective: To evaluate the changes of an educational intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot regarding the level of self-care of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Method: Quantitative study, before-and-after type, with a sample of 79 participants. Pretest measurement included participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characterization, as well as their classification in risk category and level of self-care. After implementing the educational intervention, we conducted a post-test measurement of the level of self-care.
Results: Participants’ median age was 62 years and 62% (n = 49) corresponded to female individuals. The sample reported antecedents such as tingling (n = 58; 73.4%), claudication (n = 14; 17.7%), lack of previous education (n = 25; 31.6%), and use of inappropriate footwear/stockings (n = 21; 26.6%). Half of the participants were located in high-risk categories for diabetic foot. Significant changes were identified in the level of self-care in the prevention of diabetic foot after implementing the educational intervention (p = 0.0000).
Conclusions: The proposed educational intervention showed improvements in the level of self-care in the prevention of diabetic foot. This intervention addressed emotional and social dimensions, diabetes self-management, and foot care. Its application in other similar populations is recommended.
Objetivo: Avaliar as mudanças que gera uma intervenção educativa na prevenção do pé diabético no nível de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Materiais e método: estudo quantitativo de antes e depois, com amostra de 79 participantes. A medição pré-teste incluiu a caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica dos participantes, bem como sua classificação em categoria de risco e o nível de autocuidado. Foi implementada uma intervenção educativa, após a qual foi feita uma medição pós-teste do nível de autocuidado.
Resultados: a idade média dos participantes foi de 62 anos e 62% (n = 49) eram do sexo feminino. Os participantes apresentaram antecedentes como formigamento (n = 58; 73,4%), claudicação (n = 14; 17,7%), falta de educação prévia (n = 25; 31,6%) e uso de calçados/meias inadequados (n = 21; 26,6%). Metade dos participantes estava localizada em categorias de alto risco para pé diabético. Foram identificadas mudanças significativas no nível de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético após a intervenção educativa (p = 0,0000).
Conclusões: a intervenção educativa implementada mostrou melhorias no nível de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético. Essa intervenção abordou dimensões emocionais e sociais, autogestão da diabetes e cuidado com os pés. Recomenda-se sua aplicação em outras populações semelhantes.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Monica Paola Quemba Mesa, Juan David Vega Padilla, Edwar Jassir Rozó Ortiz
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