Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Published
Intervención educativa de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético
Self-care educational intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot
Intervenção educativa de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.101311Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Pie Diabético, Educación en Salud, Autocuidado (es)Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot, Health Education, Self-Care (en)
Diabetes Mellitus, Pie Diabético, Educación en Salud, Autocuidado (pt)
Downloads
Objetivo: evaluar los cambios de una intervención educativa en la prevención del pie diabético en el nivel de autocuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, tipo antes y después, con una muestra de 79 participantes. La medición pretest incluyó la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de los participantes, así como su clasificación en categoría de riesgo y nivel de autocuidado. Se implementó una intervención educativa, tras lo cual se llevó a cabo la medición postest del nivel de autocuidado.
Resultados: la mediana de edad de los participantes fue de 62 años y el 62 % (n = 49) de estos corresponden a personas de sexo femenino. Los participantes presentaban antecedentes como hormigueo (n = 58; 73,4 %), claudicación (n = 14; 17,7 %), falta de educación previa (n = 25; 31,6 %) y uso de calzado/medias inadecuadas (n = 21; 26,6 %). La mitad de ellos se ubicaron en categorías altas de riesgo de pie diabético. Se identificaron cambios significativos en el nivel de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético posterior a la intervención educativa (p = 0,0000).
Conclusiones: la intervención educativa implementada mostró mejoras en el nivel de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético. Esta intervención abordó dimensiones emocionales, sociales, automanejo de la diabetes y cuidado pedio. Se recomienda su aplicación en poblaciones similares.
Objective: To evaluate the changes of an educational intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot regarding the level of self-care of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Method: Quantitative study, before-and-after type, with a sample of 79 participants. Pretest measurement included participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characterization, as well as their classification in risk category and level of self-care. After implementing the educational intervention, we conducted a post-test measurement of the level of self-care.
Results: Participants’ median age was 62 years and 62% (n = 49) corresponded to female individuals. The sample reported antecedents such as tingling (n = 58; 73.4%), claudication (n = 14; 17.7%), lack of previous education (n = 25; 31.6%), and use of inappropriate footwear/stockings (n = 21; 26.6%). Half of the participants were located in high-risk categories for diabetic foot. Significant changes were identified in the level of self-care in the prevention of diabetic foot after implementing the educational intervention (p = 0.0000).
Conclusions: The proposed educational intervention showed improvements in the level of self-care in the prevention of diabetic foot. This intervention addressed emotional and social dimensions, diabetes self-management, and foot care. Its application in other similar populations is recommended.
Objetivo: Avaliar as mudanças que gera uma intervenção educativa na prevenção do pé diabético no nível de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Materiais e método: estudo quantitativo de antes e depois, com amostra de 79 participantes. A medição pré-teste incluiu a caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica dos participantes, bem como sua classificação em categoria de risco e o nível de autocuidado. Foi implementada uma intervenção educativa, após a qual foi feita uma medição pós-teste do nível de autocuidado.
Resultados: a idade média dos participantes foi de 62 anos e 62% (n = 49) eram do sexo feminino. Os participantes apresentaram antecedentes como formigamento (n = 58; 73,4%), claudicação (n = 14; 17,7%), falta de educação prévia (n = 25; 31,6%) e uso de calçados/meias inadequados (n = 21; 26,6%). Metade dos participantes estava localizada em categorias de alto risco para pé diabético. Foram identificadas mudanças significativas no nível de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético após a intervenção educativa (p = 0,0000).
Conclusões: a intervenção educativa implementada mostrou melhorias no nível de autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético. Essa intervenção abordou dimensões emocionais e sociais, autogestão da diabetes e cuidado com os pés. Recomenda-se sua aplicação em outras populações semelhantes.
References
(1) Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Diabetes. Ginebra: OMS; 2022. https://www.paho.org/es/temas/diabetes
(2) Cuenta de Alto Costo. Día Mundial de la Diabetes 2021. Colombia: Cuenta de Alto Costo; 2021. https://cuentadealtocosto.org/site/general/dia-mundial-de-la-diabetes-2021/
(3) Peer N; Balakrishna Y; Durao S. Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;5:CD005266. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005266.pub2
(4) Da-Rocha RB; Silva CS; Cardoso VS. Self-care in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(6):598-607. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399815666190702161849
(5) Reardon R; Simring D; Kim B; Mortensen J; Williams D; Leslie A. The diabetic foot ulcer. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020;49(5):250-255. http://doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-11-19-5161
(6) Coppola A; Luzi L; Montalcini T; Giustina A; Gazzaruso C. Role of structured individual patient education in the prevention of vascular complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: The Individual Therapeutic Education in Newly Diagnosed type 2 diabetes (INTEND) randomized controlled trial. Endocrine. 2018;60(1):46-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1427-x
(7) Siegel KR; Ali MK; Zhou X; Ng BP; Jawanda S; Proia K et al. Cost effectiveness of interventions to manage diabetes: Has the evidence changed since 2008? Diabetes care. 2020;43(7):1557-1592. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0017
(8) Goodall RJ; Ellauzi J; Tan MKH; Onida S; Davies AH; Shalhoub J. A systematic review of the impact of foot care education on self efficacy and self care in patients with diabetes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020;60(2):282-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.03.053
(9) Almutairi N; Hosseinzadeh H; Gopaldasani V. The effectiveness of patient activation intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus glycemic control and self-management behaviors: A systematic review of RCTs. Prim Care Diabetes. 2020;14(1):12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2019.08.009
(10) Van-Netten JJ; Sacco ICN; Lavery LA; Monteiro-Soares M; Rasmussen A; Raspovic A et al. Treatment of modifiable risk factors for foot ulceration in persons with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1):e3271. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3271
(11) Alahakoon C; Fernando M; Galappaththy C; Matthews EO; Lazzarini P; Moxon JV et al. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of home foot temperature monitoring, patient education or offloading footwear on the incidence of diabetes-related foot ulcers. Diabet Med. 2020;37(8):1266-1279. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14323
(12) Quemba-Mesa MP. Relación entre agencia de autocuidado y riesgo de pie diabético en personas con Diabetes Mellitus. Cultura del cuidado. 2018;13(2):5-14. http://doi.org/10.18041/1794-5232/cultrua.2016v13n2.4319
(13) Quemba-Mesa MP; Camargo-Rosas MR; González-Jiménez NM. Intervenciones educativas para la prevención del pie diabético. Rev Cienc Cuidad. 2021;18(1):66-80. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.2329
(14) Vega-Padilla JD; Rozó-Ortiz EJ; Riaño-López OL; Ramos-Hernández LJ; Quemba-Mesa MP. Diseño y validación del cuestionario “Nivel de autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético” – NAPD.V2. Tunja: Universidad de Boyacá; 2021.
(15) Schaper NC; Andros G; Apelqvist J; Bakker K; Lammer J; Lepantalo M et al. Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients with a foot ulcer. A progress report of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(Suppl 1): 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2255
(16) Gómez-Restrepo C; Ospina-García MB. Desarrollo de cuestionarios. En: Ruiz A; Morillo LE. Epidemiología clínica: investigación clínica aplicada. 2da edición. Bogotá: Editorial Médica Internacional; 2004. 443-453.
(17) Bus SA; Van-Netten JJ. A shift in priority in diabetic foot care and research: 75% of foot ulcers are preventable. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(Suppl 1):195-200. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2738
(18) Bus SA; Lavery LA; Monteiro-Soares M; Rasmussen A; Raspovic A; Sacco ICN; Van-Netten JJ. Guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGD F 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1):e3269. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3269
(19) Rossaneis MA; Haddad MCFL; Mathias TAF; Marcon SS. Differences in foot self-care and lifestyle between men and women with diabetes mellitus. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2016;24:e2761. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1203.2761
(20) Pourkazemi A; Ghanbari A; Khojamli M; Balo H; Hemmati H; Jafaryparvar Z; Motamed B. Diabetic foot care: Knowledge and practice. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;20:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-020-0512-y
(21) Alshammari ZJ; Alsaid LA; Parameaswari PJ; Alzahrani AA. Attitude and knowledge about foot care among diabetic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(6):2089-2094. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_248_19
(22) Sari Y; Upoyo AS; Isworo A; Taufik A; Sumeru A; Anandari D; et al. Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-4903-y
(23) Makiling M; Smart H. Patient-centered health education intervention to empower preventive diabetic foot self-care. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2020;33(7):360-365. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000666896.46860.d7
(24) Moreira JB; Muro ES; Monteiro LA; Iunes DH; Assis BB; Chaves ECL. Efeito do grupo operativo no ensino do autocuidado com os pés de diabéticos: ensaio clínico randomizado. Rev. esc. enferm. USP. 2020;54:e03624. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019005403624
(25) Mohammad NA; Khresheh RM. Evaluate the effect of education interventions in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers through knowledge of the disease and self-care practices in Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(11):2206-2213. http://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.439
(26) Ahmad-Sharoni SK; Abdul-Rahman H; Minhat HS; Shariff-Ghazali S; Azman-Ong MH. The effects of self-efficacy enhancing program on foot self-care behaviour of older adults with diabetes: A randomised controlled trial in elderly care facility, Peninsular Malaysia. PloS one. 2018;13(3):e0192417. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192417
(27) Nguyen TPL; Edwards H; Do TND; Finlayson K. Effectiveness of a theory-based foot care education program (3STE PFUN) in improving foot self-care behaviours and foot risk factors for ulceration in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;152:29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.003
(28) Norman G; Westby MJ; Vedhara K; Game F; Cullum NA. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention and treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabet Med. 2020;37(8):1256-1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14326
(29) Ahmad-Sharoni SK; Minhat HS; Mohd-Zulkefli NA; Baharom A. Health education programmes to improve foot self-care practices and foot problems among older people with diabetes: A systematic review. Int J Older People Nurs. 2016;11(3):214-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12112
(30) Dorresteijn JAN; Kriegsman DMW; Assendelft WJJ; Valk GD. Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014(12):CD001488. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001488.pub5
(31) Van-Netten JJ; Price PE; Lavery LA; Monteiro-Soares M; Rasmussen A; Jubiz Y; Bus SA. Prevention of foot ulcers in the at-risk patient with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(Suppl 1):84-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2701
How to Cite
VANCOUVER
ACM
ACS
APA
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Download Citation
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Celia Antonia Rodríguez-Medina, Carlos Francisco Meza García, Rosa María Rodríguez Medina . (2024). Estilo de vida y autocuidado en el paciente con riesgo de pie diabético: revisión de la literatura. SANUS, 9, p.e441. https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.441.
2. Gerardo Baez Torres , Margarita Cabrera Martínez , Miguel Ángel López Ocampo , Lorena Alvarado Escobar , Oscar Daniel Luna Hernández , María Esperanza Conzatti Hernández , María de los Ángeles Onofre Santiago , Sergio Martin Lozada Rodríguez, Edith Castellanos Contreras, Javier Salazar Mendoza , Ivett Rodríguez Muñoz. (2025). Professional training in diabetic foot care: Nursing intervention. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología, 5, p.1422. https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20251422.
3. Celia Antonia Rodríguez Medina, Carlos Francisco Meza García. (2024). Proceso de atención de enfermería aplicado a una persona adulta con alteración de pie diabético. Revista CuidArte, 13(25) https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2024.13.25.85629.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Monica Paola Quemba Mesa, Juan David Vega Padilla, Edwar Jassir Rozó Ortiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published by Avances en Enfermería are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Starting 2020, we added the CC-BY-NC recognition to the license, which means anyone is allowed to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and transform our contents with non-commercial purposes, and although new works must adequately cite the original work and source and also pursue non-commercial purposes, users do not have to license derivative works under the same terms.
