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Factores relacionados con sobrecarga del cuidador informal de pacientes con cáncer avanzado
Factors related to overload in informal caregivers of patients with advanced cancer
Fatores relacionados com a sobrecarga do cuidador informal de pessoas com câncer avançado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n1.106557Keywords:
Neoplasias, Carga del Cuidador, Calidad de Vida, Evaluación de Necesidades (es)Caregiver Burden, Neoplasms, Needs Assessment, Quality of Life (en)
Neoplasias, Qualidade de Vida, Carga do Cuidador, Avaliação das Necessidades (pt)
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Objetivo: determinar los factores del cuidador informal relacionados con el nivel de carga de cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer avanzado atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá D. C., Colombia.
Materiales y método: estudio observacional analítico. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva que fueron adaptados a las características de las variables. Se evaluó la asociación entre un grupo de características del cuidador y los niveles de sobrecarga, medidos con la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit (EZ), usando prueba χ 2. Para las variables continuas se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Las agrupaciones y asociaciones entre múltiples variables categóricas se realizaron mediante análisis de correspondencias múltiples.
Resultados: 476 cuidadores informales fueron incluidos en la presente investigación. Se encontró una asociación entre los tres niveles de sobrecarga de la EZ con las variables
procedencia (χ2 : 6,5; p = 0,03), estrato socioeconómico (χ2 : 12,6; p = 0,04), ingresos mensuales (p < 0,00) y total de la escala de calidad de vida del cuidador (CQOLC) (p < 0,00). Tres ejes factoriales explicaron la varianza de la sobrecarga experimentada por los cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer: relación que tiene el cuidador con el paciente, sexo del cuidador y estrato socioeconómico.
Conclusiones: el estrato socioeconómico, la actividad laboral, el nivel educativo y la ocupación hogar fueron las variables incluidas en los tres perfiles de los cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer avanzado. El perfil de ser mujeres, dedicadas al hogar o con otra ocupación, sin relación
conyugal con el paciente y con una relación filial de primer grado se asociaron con la presencia de sobrecarga intensa.
Objective: To determine the informal caregiver factors associated with the burden on caregivers of advanced cancer patients treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá, Colombia.
Materials and method: An analytical observational study was conducted, adopting descriptive statistical methods tailored to the characteristics of the variables. The association between a set of caregiver characteristics and levels of overload measured via the Zarit Burden scale (ZBS) was evaluated using χ 2 tests, while Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for assessing continuous variables. Clustering and associations among multiple categorical variables were examined using multiple correspondence analysis.
Results: A total of 476 informal caregivers were included in the study. Associations were found among the three levels of ZBS burden and factors such as provenance (χ2 : 6.5; p = 0.03), socioeconomic stratum (χ2 : 12.6; p = 0.04), monthly income (p < 0.00), and the total score of the caregiver quality of life scale (CQOLC) (p < 0.00). The variance in caregiver burden for cancer patients was explained by three factorial axes: caregiver’s relationship with the patient, caregiver’s gender, and their socioeconomic stratum.
Conclusions: Certain caregiver characteristics were found to be associated with different levels of burden. These variables were categorized into three factors, offering diverse interpretations. A profile characterized by being female, primarily engaged in housework or another occupation, lacking a marital relationship with the patient, and having a first-degree filial relationship was linked to the presence of intense overload.
Objetivo: determinar os fatores do cuidador informal relacionados ao nível de carga de cuidadores de pessoas com câncer avançado atendidos no Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá DC, Colômbia.
Materiais e método: estudo observacional analítico. Foram utilizados métodos de estatística descritiva adaptados às características das variáveis. Foi avaliada a associação entre um grupo de características do cuidador e os níveis de sobrecarga, medidos com a Escala de Zarit (EZ), usando teste de χ2 e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para variáveis contínuas. Agrupamentos e associações entre múltiplas variáveis categóricas foram realizados com a análise de correspondência múltipla.
Resultados: 476 cuidadores informais foram incluídos; foi encontrada associação entre os três níveis de sobrecarga da EZ com o local de proveniência (χ2 : 6,5; p = 0,03), nível socioeconômico (χ2 : 12,6; p = 0,04), renda mensal (p < 0,00) e total da escala de qualidade de vida do cuidador (CQOLC [p < 0,00]). Três eixos fatoriais explicaram a variância da sobrecarga experimentada pelos cuidadores de pacientes com câncer: relação do cuidador com o paciente, sexo do cuidador e nível socioeconômico.
Conclusões: o nível socioeconômico, a atividade profissional, o nível de escolaridade e a ocupação do lar foram as variáveis incluídas nos três perfis dos cuidadores de pessoas com câncer avançado. O perfil de ser mulher, dedicada ao lar ou com outra ocupação, sem relação conjugal com o paciente e com uma relação filial de primeiro grau, associou-se à presença de sobrecarga
intensa.
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