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Factores personales que influyen en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios: revisión sistemática
Personal factors influencing alcohol consumption among university students: A systematic review
Fatores pessoais que influenciam o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n2.111831Keywords:
Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad, Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas, Factores de Riesgo, Factores Protectores (es)Alcohol Drinking in College, Binge Drinking, Protective Factors, Risk Factors (en)
Consumo de Álcool na Faculdade, Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas, Fatores de Risco, Fatores de Proteção (pt)
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Objetivo: explorar en la literatura científica los factores personales más relevantes que influyen en el consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes universitarios.
Síntesis de contenido: la revisión se realizó bajo las recomendaciones del Manual de Cochrane y la declaración PRISMA. Se incluyeron palabras clave en español e inglés mediante operadores booleanos en diversas bases de datos, bajo la siguiente combinación: “alcohol consumption” OR “alcohol abuse” AND “university students” OR “young” AND “personal factors”. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2012 y 2023 en idioma español e inglés. El período de la búsqueda fue de junio de 2022 a septiembre de 2023. La evaluación de la calidad metodológica se realizó con base en la declaración STROBE. Posterior al proceso de búsqueda y la evaluación crítica y metodológica, se identificaron 29 estudios correlacionales y predictivos sobre factores personales biológicos (edad, sexo), cognitivos (impulsividad y autoeficacia de resistencia al consumo de alcohol) y afectivos (motivos para consumir alcohol, satisfacción con la vida, ansiedad social, estrés percibido, religiosidad y espiritualidad) que se relacionan e influyen en el consumo de alcohol.
Conclusiones: diversos factores relacionados con las características biológicas, psicológicas y emocionales del individuo influyen en el consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes universitarios, un conocimiento que coincide con lo propuesto en la teoría cognitiva social y que puede ser útil para el desarrollo de estrategias y programas de
prevención dirigidos a este grupo.
Objective: Explore the scientific literature on the most relevant personal factors that influence alcohol consumption among university students.
Content synthesis: The review was conducted following the recommendations of the Cochrane Manual and the PRIS MA statement. Keywords in both Spanish and English were included, using Boolean operators across various databases with the following combination: “alcohol consumption” OR “alcohol abuse” AND “university students” OR “young” AND “personal factors.” Studies published between 2012 and 2023 in Spanish and English were included. The search period ranged from June 2022 to September 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE statement. After the search process and critical methodological evaluation, 29 correlational and predictive studies were identified, focusing on personal factors such as biological (age, sex), cognitive (impulsivity and self-efficacy in resisting alcohol consumption), and affective (motives for consuming alcohol, life satisfaction, social anxiety, perceived stress, religiosity, and spirituality) factors, which are related to and influence alcohol consumption.
Conclusions: Various factors related to the biological, psychological, and emotional characteristics of the individual influence alcohol consumption among university students. This understanding aligns with the propositions of Social Cognitive Theory and can be useful in developing prevention strategies and programs for young university students.
Objetivo: explorar na literatura científica os fatores pessoais mais relevantes que influenciam o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários.
Síntese do conteúdo: a revisão foi realizada sob as recomendações do Manual Cochrane e da declaração PRISMA. Palavras-chave em espanhol e inglês foram incluídas por meio de operadores booleanos em diversas bases de dados, sob a seguinte combinação: “alcohol consumption” OR “alcohol abuse” AND “university students” OR “young” AND “personal factors”. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2023 em espanhol e inglês. O período temporal da busca foi de junho de 2022 a setembro de 2023. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada com base na declaração STROBE. Após o processo de busca e avaliação crítica e metodológica, foram identificados 29 estudos correlacionais e preditivos sobre fatores pessoais biológicos (idade, sexo), cognitivos (impulsividade e autoeficácia de resistência ao consumo de álcool) e afetivos (motivos para consumir álcool, satisfação com a vida, ansiedade social, estresse percebido, religiosidade e espiritualidade) que estão relacionados e influenciam o consumo de álcool.
Conclusões: vários fatores relacionados às características biológicas, psicológicas e emocionais do indivíduo influenciam o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários, conhecimento que coincide com o proposto na teoria social cognitiva, e que pode ser útil para desenvolver estratégias e programas de prevenção.
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