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Calidad de vida en pacientes con trasplante autólogo y alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos
Quality of life in patients with autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Qualidade de vida em doentes submetidos a transplante autólogo e alogénico de células estaminais hematopoiéticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n1.113387Keywords:
Calidad de Vida, Enfermedades Hematológicas, Trasplante de Células Madre, Trasplante Autólogo, Trasplante Homólogo (es)Qualidade de Vida, Doenças Hematológicas, Transplante de Células-Tronco, Transplante Autólogo, Transplante Homólogo (pt)
Quality of Life, Hematologic Diseases, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation, Autologous, Transplantation, Homologous (en)
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Objetivo: comparar la calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a trasplante autólogo y alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos.
Materiales y método: estudio longitudinal analítico con dos mediciones de datos retrospectivos. Se revisaron 188 historias clínicas de pacientes que fueron sometidos a trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Se diligenció un formulario que indagó por datos
sociodemográficos, características clínicas y puntuaciones de la escala de calidad de vida EORTC QLQ-C30.
Resultados: la edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 53 años. El 53,2 % era de sexo masculino, y la mayoría de los pacientes (96,3 %)
tenían una enfermedad hematológica. Los pacientes con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TPH) autólogo informaron una mejoría de su estado global de salud, con un puntaje medio de 81,1 ± 16,2, mientras que los pacientes de TPH alogénico desmejoraron, es decir, empeoró su estado global de salud con un puntaje medio de 16,8 ± 17,9 a los 6 meses pos TPH.
Conclusión: la evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes que han recibido trasplante autólogo y alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos revela desafíos significativos tanto físicos como emocionales en ambos grupos. Los pacientes con trasplante alogénico enfrentan mayores complicaciones debido al riesgo de rechazo y a los efectos del tratamiento inmunosupresor. Por tanto, resulta fundamental implementar un enfoque integral que combine atención multidisciplinar, apoyo psicológico y social para optimizar su bienestar a largo plazo.
Objective: To compare the quality of life of patients undergoing autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Materials and method: Analytical longitudinal study conducted with two retrospective data measurements. A total of 188 medical records of patients who underwent
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were reviewed. A data collection form was completed, which inquired about sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, and scores on the EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life scale.
Results: The average age of the patients was 53 years. Of the total, 53.2% were male, and the majority (96.3%) had a hematological disease. Patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) reported an improved perception of their global health status, with a mean score of 81.1 ± 16.2. In contrast, patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT experienced a decrease in their
global health status, reporting a mean score of 16.8 ± 17.9 at 6 months post-HSCT, indicating a worsening of their overall health.
Conclusions: The assessment of quality of life in patients who have received autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals significant
physical and emotional challenges in both groups. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplants face greater complications due to the risks of rejection and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, it is essential to implement a comprehensive approach that combines multidisciplinary care with psychological and social support to optimize their long-term well-being.
Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a transplante autólogo e alogênico de células-tronco hematopoiéticas.
Materiais e método: estudo longitudinal analítico com duas medições retrospectivas de dados. Foram analisados 188 registos médicos de doentes submetidos a transplante de células estaminais hematopoiéticas. Foi preenchido um formulário com dados sociodemográficos, características clínicas e pontuação na escala de qualidade de vida EORTC QLQ-C30.
Resultados: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 53 anos, 53,2 % eram do sexo masculino, a maioria dos doentes (96,3 %) tinha uma doença hematológica. Os doentes com TCTH autólogo referiram uma melhoria da perceção do seu estado de saúde global, com uma pontuação média de 81,1 ± 16,2, enquanto os doentes com TCTH alogénico apresentaram uma diminuição, ou seja, um agravamento do estado de saúde global, com uma pontuação média de 16,8 ± 17,9 aos 6 meses após o TCTH.
Conclusão: a avaliação da qualidade de vida em doentes submetidos a transplante de células estaminais hematopoiéticas autólogo e alogénico revela desafios físicos e emocionais significativos em ambos os grupos. Os doentes de transplante alogénico enfrentam maiores complicações devido ao risco de rejeição e aos efeitos do tratamento imunossupressor. Por conseguinte, é essencial implementar uma abordagem abrangente que combine cuidados multidisciplinares e apoio psicológico e social para otimizar o seu bem-estar a longo prazo.
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