El vínculo especial de cuidado: construcción de una teoría fundamentada
The special bond of care: construction of a grounded theory
O vínculo especial de cuidado: construção de uma teoria fundamentada
Keywords:
enfermería, cuidadores, enfermedad crónica (es)nursing, caregivers, chronic disease (en)
enfermagem, cuidadores, doença crónica (pt)
El cuidado de una persona en situación de enfermedad crónica es cada día más frecuente y afecta la cotidianidad de muchas familias, pues les implica modificar el curso de la vida, las relaciones personales y los roles de la familia. En muchos casos, cuando uno de los miembros de la familia asume el papel de cuidador principal, es decir, la responsabilidad de cuidar a su familiar dependiente, con base en esa experiencia tiene la oportunidad de generar un "vínculo especial" de cuidado con la persona cuidada. El vínculo especial de cuidado entre esta díada compuesta por el cuidador y el cuidado es una alianza nueva y diferente llena de significado.
Objetivo: comprender el significado del cuidado para la díada cuidador familiar-persona con enfermedad crónica.
Método: se construyó una teoría fundamentada teniendo en cuenta los datos de veinte informantes residentes en Bogotá, que componían diez díadas.
Resultados: la teoría sustantiva trascender en un 'vínculo especial' de cuidado: el paso de lo evidente a lo intangible, se generó a partir del estudio con tres variables: la limitación y la necesidad de ayuda, el paso del reto o compromiso al logro y la forma de trascender en un "vínculo especial".
Discusión: la teoría que surge se analiza a la luz de las teorías de vínculos humanos, el significado de la vida, la autotrascendencia y el desarrollo del concepto de cuidado.
Conclusiones: las díadas que viven una experiencia de enfermedad crónica perciben que se mueven a través de un eje que lleva a una situación de menor funcionalidad física que exige respuestas instrumentales de cuidado y, al mismo tiempo, surge un "vínculo especial" a través de espacios de proyección y trascendencia que redimensionan la experiencia, es decir, hay un paso de lo evidente a lo intangible.
Taking care of a person that suffers a chronic disease is increasingly more usual today. This affects the day-to-day life of many families who realize how their living pace, personal relationships and family roles change altogether. In most cases, when one member of the family assumes the role of main caregiver, he/she has the opportunity of creating a "special bond" of care with the person taken care of. The special bond of care between this dyad formed by the caregiver and the disabled or ill person is a new, different and meaningful partnership.
Objective: understand the meaning of care for the dyad family caregiver – chronically ill person.
Method: a grounded theory was devised based on 10 dyads made up by twenty participants residing in Bogotá.
Results: the theory intends to transcend on the 'special bond' of care: this step from evident to intangible was created as a result of the study with three variables: the limitation and need of help, going from challenge or commitment to achievement and the way of transcending on this "special bond".
Discussion: theory is analyzed in the light of human bondage theories, meaning of life, self-transcendence, and development of the concept of care.
Conclusions: these dyads perceive themselves as moving across an axes leading to situations of lower physical functionality that demand instrumental responses of care, and simultaneously, a "special bond" emerges through projection and transcendence venues that reshape experience, thus, going from the evident to the intangible.
O cuidado de uma pessoa em situação de doença crônica é cada dia mais freqüente e afeta o dia-a-dia de muitas famílias, pois ele implica modificar o itinerário da vida, as relações pessoais e os papéis da família. Em muitos casos, quando um dos membros da família assume o papel de cuidador principal, isto é, da responsabilidade de cuidar de sua família dependente, ele tem a oportunidade de gerar um "vínculo especial" de cuidado baseado nessa experiência. O vínculo especial de cuidado entre essa díade composta pelo cuidador e o cuidado é uma parceria nova e diferente cheia de significado.
Objetivo: compreender o significado do cuidado para a díade cuidador familiar-pessoa com doença crônica.
Método: Formulou-se uma teoria fundamentada tomando em consideração vinte informantes residentes em Bogotá que conformavam dez díades.
Resultados: A teoria tenta transcender em um 'vínculo especial' de cuidado: conseguimos passar do evidente para o intangível graças ao estudo de três variáveis: a limitação e necessidade de ajuda, a transformação do desafio ou compromisso em conquista e a forma de transcender em um "vínculo especial".
Discussão: a teoria que surge é analisada à luz das teorias de vínculos humanos, o significado da vida, a auto-transcendência e o desenvolvimento do conceito de cuidado.
Conclusões: as díades que vivem uma experiência de doença crônica sentem que atravessam um eixo que abre uma situação de menor funcionalidade física que exige respostas instrumentais de cuidado enquanto surge um "vínculo especial" através de espaços de projeção e transcendência que redimensionam a experiência, produzindo esse passo do evidente para o intangível.
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