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Educação em saúde e final de vida no hospital
Health education and end-of-life at a hospital
Educación en salud y final de la vida en el hospital
Keywords:
Educação em Saúde, Cuidados Paliativos, Evolução Fatal, Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida, Hospitais (pt)Health Education, Palliative Care, Fatal Outcome, Hospice Care, Hospitals (en)
Educación en Salud, Cuidados Paliativos, Resultado Fatal, Cuidados Paliativos al Final de la Vida, Hospitales (es)
Objetivo: identificar ações de educação em saúde direcionadas às pessoas em final da vida e seus cuidadores, informais e formais, no hospital, além de avaliar o nível de evidência de tais ações.
Síntese do conteúdo: o estudo foi realizado entre dezembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e MEDLINE. Identificaram-se 6.762 artigos, dos quais 42 integram a análise por serem artigos originais ou de revisão escritos em português, espanhol, inglês ou francês; a amostra dos estudos foi composta por pacientes maiores de 19 anos, com doença avançada e/ou em final de vida ou cuidadores ou profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram agrupados por similaridade do tema das ações, conforme Polit e Beck, e o nível de evidência avaliado segundo Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt. O vídeo foi a ação com maior força de recomendação, seguida por cartilhas. As unidades temáticas foram “Ações para o controle da dor”, “Narrativas sobre o final da vida”, “Planejamento de cuidados”, “Dialogando sobre os cuidados paliativos” e “Comunicação e final de vida”.
Conclusões: ações de educação em saúde no final da vida devem considerar as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, além das condições socioculturais, clínicas e cognitivas dessa etapa do adoecimento.
Objective: To identify health education actions for in-hospital dying patients and their informal and formal caregivers, and to assess the level of evidence of such actions.
Content synthesis: Study conducted between December 2019 and January 2020, in the databases Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE. A total of 6.762 articles were identified. Among these, 42 articles were considered as they met the following inclusion criteria: original or review article written in Portuguese, Spanish, English, or French, whose sample consisted of patients over 19 years with a terminal disease or at the end of their lives, or their caregivers or health professionals in charge of their care. The data were grouped by similarity of the actions deployed, following Polit and Beck, and the level of evidence evaluated, according to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt. The video was the action with greater force of recommendation, followed by booklets. The thematic units were: "Actions for pain control", "Narratives about the end-of-life", "Advance care planning", "Talking about palliative care", and
"Communication and end-of-life".
Conclusions: Health education actions at the end of life should consider information and communication technologies, in addition to the sociocultural, clinical, and cognitive conditions during this stage.
Objetivo: identificar acciones de educación en salud dirigidas a pacientes intrahospitalarios en el final de la vida y a sus cuidadores (formales e informales), así como evaluar la evidencia de tales acciones.
Síntesis de contenido: el estudio se llevó a cabo entre diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020 en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y MEDLINE. Se identificaron 6.762 artículos, de los cuales 42 forman parte del análisis por ser artículos originales o de revisión escritos en portugués, español, inglés o francés, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por pacientes mayores de 19 años con enfermedad avanzada o al final de la vida, o sus cuidadores o los profesionales de la salud encargados de su cuidado. Los datos fueron agrupados por similitud de las acciones, siguiendo a Polit y Beck, y el nivel de evidencia evaluado, según Melnyk y Fineout-Overholt. El video fue la acción más recomendada, seguida de los folletos. Las unidades temáticas fueron “Acciones para el control del dolor”, “Narrativas sobre el final de la vida”, “Planificación anticipada de cuidados”, “Diálogo sobre cuidados paliativos” y “Comunicación y final de la vida”.
Conclusiones: las acciones de educación en salud al final de la vida deben considerar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, además de las condiciones socioculturales, clínicas y cognitivas durante esta etapa de la enfermedad.
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