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Usuarios de un programa de ejercicio físico y el riesgo de prediabetes
Users of a physical exercise program and risk of prediabetes
Usuários de um programa de exercícios físicos e o risco de pré-diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v39n2.92307Keywords:
Estado Prediabético, Factores de Riesgo, Ejercicio, Triglicéridos, Sobrepeso (es)Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Exercise, Triglycerides, Overweight (en)
Estado Pré-diabético, Fatores de Risco, Exercício, Triglicerídeos, Sobrepeso (pt)
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Objetivo: estimar el riesgo de prediabetes según los factores que presentan los participantes de un programa de ejercicio físico de la provincia de Chota, Perú.
Metodología: estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, desarrollado con 112 participantes pertenecientes a un programa de ejercicio físico. Se utilizó una guía de interpretación para analizar los factores de riesgo y la prediabetes en los participantes, la cual fue adaptada de una asociación norteamericana y dos instituciones de salud peruanas. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron el odds ratio de prevalencia (ORP), la fracción etiológica poblacional (FEP) y el chi cuadrado de independencia.
Resultados: el sedentarismo (ORP = 3,62), el exceso de triglicéridos (TGC) (ORP = 2,26) y el sobrepeso (ORP = 2,22) fueron los factores de riesgo identificados en los participantes. Según la FEP, si se interviene de manera adecuada y oportuna sobre estos factores, disminuiría la frecuencia de prediabetes en 8,57, 15,24 y 21,40 %, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de prediabetes en los usuarios estudiados fueron el sedentarismo, el exceso de TGC y el sobrepeso, resaltando al sedentarismo como el de mayor implicancia. Estos factores de riesgo, que reportaron una relación estadísticamente significativa con la prediabetes, pueden ser controlados y modificados. Por lo tanto, las intervenciones preventivas y promocionales en el primer nivel de atención deben fortalecerse y efectuarse mediante un trabajo integral y sostenible, con la finalidad de disminuir las cifras de prediabetes y condiciones conexas.
Objective: To estimate the risk of prediabetes in the participants of a physical exercise program in the province of Chota, Peru.
Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, developed with 112 participants in a physical exercise program. An interpretation guide was used to examine risk factors and prediabetes in the participants. This guide was adapted from a North American association and two Peruvian health institutions. The statistical tests used were the prevalence odds ratio (ORP), the population etiological fraction (PEF), and the chi square of independence.
Results: A sedentary lifestyle (ORP = 3.62), the excess of triglycerides (TGC) (ORP = 2.26), and overweight (ORP = 2.22) were the main risk factors identified in participants. According to the FEP, if adequate and timely intervention is made over such factors, the frequency of prediabetes would decrease by 8.57, 15.24 and 21.40, respectively.
Conclusions: Prediabetes risk factors in the studied population were a sedentary lifestyle, excess of TGC and overweight, highlighting sedentary lifestyle as that with the greatest effects on health. The identified risk factors, which reported a statistically significant relationship with prediabetes, can be controlled and modified. Therefore, promotional and preventive interventions at the first level of health care must be strengthened and carried out through comprehensive and sustainable work, in order to reduce the figures of prediabetes and its related conditions.
Objetivo: estimar o risco de prédiabetes de acordo com os fatores apresentados pelos participantes de um programa de exercícios físicos na província de Chota, Peru.
Metodologia: estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, desenvolvido com 112 participantes pertencentes a um programa de exercícios físicos. Um guia de interpretação foi utilizado para analisar os fatores de risco e o pré-diabetes nos participantes, o guia foi adaptado de uma associação norteamericana e duas instituições de saúde peruanas. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram a razão de chances (odds ratio) de prevalência (ORP), a fração etiológica populacional (FEP) e o qui-quadrado de independência.
Resultados: sedentarismo (ORP = 3,62), excesso de triglicerídeos (TGC) (ORP = 2,26) e sobrepeso (ORP = 2,22) foram os fatores de risco identificados nos participantes. De acordo com o FEP, se houver intervenção adequada e oportuna sobre esses fatores de risco: a frequência de pré-diabetes diminuiria em 8,57 %, 15,24 % e 21,40 %, respectivamente.
Conclusões: os fatores de risco para pré-diabetes nos usuários estudados foram sedentarismo, excesso de TGC e sobrepeso, destacando-se o sedentarismo como o de maior implicação. Esses fatores de risco que obtiveram relação estatisticamente significativa com o pré-diabetes, podem ser controlados e modificados; portanto, as intervenções preventivas promocionais no primeiro nível de atenção devem ser fortalecidas e realizadas por meio de um trabalho abrangente e sustentável, a fim de reduzir o número de prédiabetes e doenças relacionadas.
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