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Spiritual care and spirituality in academic nursing training: A scoping review
Cuidado espiritual y espiritualidad en la formación académica en enfermería: revisión de alcance
Cuidado espiritual e espiritualidade na formação acadêmica de enfermagem: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v41n2.108680Palavras-chave:
Nursing, Spirituality, Teaching, Students Nursing (en)Enfermería, Espiritualidad, Estudiantes de Enfermería, Enseñanza (es)
Enfermagem, Espiritualidade, Ensino, Estudantes de Enfermagem (pt)
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Objective: To map existing studies in scientific literature addressing spiritual care and spirituality in academic nursing training.
Materials and method: This is a scoping review, whose article search was conducted in July 2023 in the databases Scopus, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google® Scholar, and through a manual search of entries in the list of references of selected papers. The following research question was formulated for this study: How are spiritual care and spirituality addressed in academic nursing training? After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 45 papers.
Results: The main findings highlight a deficit in academic training, the importance of teachers as facilitators of the teaching-learning process, the essential methodologies to address the issue of spirituality, and the specific competences required in spiritual care, such as communication, empathy, attitude towards the patient’s spirituality, personal support, counseling, and the proper application of the nursing process in this type of care.
Conclusions: This review made it possible to identify how spiritual care and spirituality are addressed in the academic training of nurses, where the insertion of educational resources for spiritual care and approaches based on competences were emphasized. Despite this, spiritual-related teaching is still deficient in academic formation. Studies recommend modifying the curriculum to strengthen competencies related to spirituality and spiritual care in the nursing academy.
Objetivo: mapear los estudios existentes en la literatura científica relacionados con el cuidado espiritual y la espiritualidad en la formación académica en enfermería.
Materiales y método: revisión de alcance realizada en julio de 2023 en las bases de datos Scopus, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google® Scholar y por medio de una búsqueda manual en las listas de referencia de documentos seleccionados. Se delimitó la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo se aborda el cuidado espiritual y la espiritualidad en la formación académica de enfermería? Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra quedó conformada por 45 estudios.
Resultados: se identificó un déficit en la formación académica, la importancia de los docentes como facilitadores del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, las metodologías esenciales para abordar el asunto de la espiritualidad y las competencias específicas en el cuidado espiritual, entre las que se cuentan la comunicación, la empatía, la actitud frente a la espiritualidad del paciente, el apoyo personal, el asesoramiento y la correcta aplicación del proceso de enfermería en este tipo de cuidado.
Conclusiones: se identificó la manera en que el cuidado espiritual y la espiritualidad son abordados en la formación de los profesionales en enfermería, donde destaca la adopción de recursos educativos para el cuidado espiritual y el enfoque basado en competencias. No obstante, este tipo de enseñanza aún es deficiente en la formación académica en enfermería. Por ello, algunas investigaciones recomiendan modificar el plan de estudios de los programas en enfermería para fortalecer las competencias relacionadas con la espiritualidad y el cuidado espiritual.
Objetivo: mapear os estudos existentes na literatura científica relacionados ao cuidado espiritual e à espiritualidade na formação acadêmica de enfermagem.
Materiais e método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo em que a busca foi realizada em julho de 2023 nas seguintes fontes de dados: Scopus, Medline/PubMed, Science-Direct, Google® Scholar e busca manual de documentos em listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Delimitou-se a seguinte questão de pesquisa: “como o cuidado espiritual e a espiritualidade são abordados na formação acadêmica de enfermagem?”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final foi composta de 45 estudos.
Resultados: os principais resultados encontrados foram o déficit na formação acadêmica; a importância do professor como facilitador do processo ensino-aprendizagem; as metodologias essenciais para abordar o tema, bem como as competências específicas no cuidado espiritual, como a comunicação, a empatia, a atitude perante a espiritualidade do paciente, o apoio pessoal, o aconselhamento e a aplicação adequada do processo de enfermagem nesse tipo de cuidado.
Conclusões: os resultados desta revisão permitem identificar como o cuidado espiritual e a espiritualidade são abordados na formação acadêmica de enfermagem, em que se destaca a inserção de recursos educacionais para o cuidado espiritual e abordagens baseadas em competências. No entanto, esse ensino ainda é deficiente na formação acadêmica. Por isso, alguns estudos recomendam modificar o currículo acadêmico de enfermagem a fim de fortalecer competências relacionadas à espiritualidade e ao cuidado espiritual.
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