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Efectos agudos de fenantreno y benzo[a]pireno en Aequidens metae (Pisces: Cichlidae)
Acute effects of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene in Aequidens metae (Pisces: Cichlidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v26n1.101879Palabras clave:
Actividad EROD, Genotoxicidad, Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policiclícos, Histometría, Micronúcleos (es)EROD activity, Genotoxicity, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Histometry, Micronucleus (en)
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Los organismos acuáticos pueden estar expuestos a efluentes industriales que con frecuencia contienen hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs). Muchos de sus efectos pueden pasar desapercibidos, por lo que, la valoración de biomarcadores permite evaluar los riesgos que pueden generar daños a la salud asociados a su metabolismo. Se evaluaron distintos biomarcadores en Aequidens metae expuesto a HAPs. Se utilizaron adultos de 6,3 ± 1,2 cm y 5,5 ± 1,6 g. Los peces fueron expuestos vía intraperitoneal a 1, 10 y 50 μg/g de fenantreno (PHE), 0,1, 1; a 10 μg/g de benzo[a]Pireno (B[a]P) y 50 μg/g β-naftoflavona. Se realizaron muestreos a los 0, 3 y 10 días. Se tomaron muestras de hígado y sangre periférica para su procesamiento. Se evaluó la actividad 7-etoxiresorufina-O-deetilasa (EROD), histometría de hepatocitos y frecuencia de micronúcleos y otras anormalidades en sangre. Encontrando incremento en la actividad EROD al día 3 de exposición para B[a]P de 10 μg/g (11,82 ± 2,27 pmol/mg/min) y BNF (9,11 ± 3,04 pmol/mg/min) con relación al control negativo (p<0,05). También, se presentó respuesta tisular y genotóxica con PHE, B[a]P y BNF a las concentraciones medias y altas. Podemos concluir que, bajo las condiciones de este estudio, benzo[a]Pireno es un fuerte inductor que activa la vía de biotransformación de CYP1A en comparación a PHE, además que la actividad EROD, las anormalidades nucleares y las características histométricas de los hepatocitos son dependientes del tiempo de exposición, la concentración del HAP y de las características del inductor en A. metae.
Aquatic organisms may be exposed to industrial effluents that often contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many of their effects may go unnoticed, therefore, the assessment of biomarkers allows the evaluation of the risks that may generate health damage associated with their metabolism. Different biomarkers were evaluated in Aequidens metae exposed to PAHs. Adults of 6,3 ± 1,2 cm and 5,5 ± 1,6 g were used. Fish were exposed intraperitoneally to 1, 10 and 50 μg/g phenanthrene (PHE), 0,1, 1; to 10 μg/g benzo[a]Pyrene (B[a]P) and 50 μg/g β-naphthoflavone. Sampling was performed at 0, 3 and 10 days. Liver and peripheral blood samples were taken for processing. 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, hepatocyte histometry and frequency of micronuclei and other abnormalities in blood were evaluated. We found an increase in EROD activity at day 3 of exposure for B[a]P of 10 μg/g (11,82 ± 2,27 pmol/mg/min) and BNF (9,11 ± 3,04 pmol/mg/min) in relation to the negative control (p<0.05). Also, tissue and genotoxic response was presented with PHE, B[a]P and BNF at medium and high concentrations. We can conclude that, under the conditions of this study, B[a]P is a strong inducer that activates the CYP1A biotransformation pathway compared to PHE, furthermore, EROD activity, nuclear abnormalities and histometric characteristics of hepatocytes dependent on exposure time, PAH concentration and the PAH characteristics in A. metae.
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