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Evaluación de Soportes Alternativos para la Formación de Biopelículas en Humedales Artificiales de Flujo Subsuperficial
Evaluation of Alternative Supports for Biofilm Formation in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v27n2.119648Palabras clave:
Biopelicula, Aguas residuales, humedales artificiales, material de soporte (es)Constructed wetlands, biofilms, contaminant removal and support material (en)
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Los humedales artificiales son ecotecnologías que se utilizan para la eliminación de contaminantes de las aguas residuales, lo cual permite mitigar el impacto ambiental de estas en los ecosistemas acuáticos, por ello, en este estudio evaluamos la formación de biopelículas de tres materiales de soporte, resina epóxica catalizada (RE), concreto reciclado (GR) y grava natural (GN) y la remoción de contaminantes. Se construyeron seis humedales utilizando Heliconia psittacorum como macrofita. Se evalúo remoción de turbidez, oxígeno disuelto, conductividad, potencial de óxido reducción y bioindicadores de contaminación fecal. El concreto reciclado presentó la mayor eficiencia en la remoción de coliformes totales (99.9 %) y mesófilos (94.9 %), además de ser el único material donde todas las cepas identificadas formaron biopelícula. La grava natural, aunque tradicional, logró la mayor remoción de coliformes fecales (100 %) y albergó la mayor diversidad microbiana. En contraste, la resina epóxica mostró baja eficiencia en la remoción microbiológica, pero favoreció condiciones fisicoquímicas estables y oxigenadas. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia del material de soporte en los humedales artificiales, tanto en parámetros microbiológicos como fisicoquímicos.
Constructed wetlands are ecotechnologies used for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, helping to mitigate their environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated biofilm formation on three support materials catalyzed epoxy resin (ER), recycled concrete (RC), and natural gravel (NG) as well as their effectiveness in contaminant removal. Six wetlands were constructed using Heliconia psittacorum as the macrophyte. We assessed the removal of turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, and fecal contamination bioindicators. Recycled concrete showed the highest efficiency in removing total coliforms (99.9 %) and mesophilic bacteria (94.9 %) and was the only material on which all identified strains formed biofilms. Although traditional, natural gravel achieved the highest removal of fecal coliforms (100 %) and supported the greatest microbial diversity. In contrast, epoxy resin demonstrated low efficiency in microbiological removal but promoted stable and oxygenated physicochemical conditions. These results highlight the importance of the support material in constructed wetlands, influencing both microbiological and physicochemical parameters.
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