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Caracterización bioquímica de hojas de clones de Theobroma cacao y su relación con los tricomas
Biochemical characterization of leaves in Theobroma cacao clones and its relation with trichomes
Palabras clave:
análisis de componentes principales, fenoles, prolina, proteínas, carbohidratos, principal components analysis, phenols, proline, proteins, carbohydrates (es)Título en ingles: Biochemical characterization of leaves in Theobroma cacao clones and its relation with trichomes
Theobroma cacao L. es un cultivo de gran importancia por sus posibles aplicaciones en la farmacia y la agricultura. Contiene metabolitos que resultan de gran interés por sus funciones biológicas naturales en la respuesta de la planta a los diferentes tipos de estrés, tanto bióticos como abióticos. La presencia, tipo y concentración de los metabolitos (primarios y secundarios) pueden variar de acuerdo al genotipo analizado y se pueden acumular en estructuras asociadas a la arquitectura de la hoja como son los tricomas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar 26 clones del banco de germoplasma de Padrón, INIA-Miranda, Estado Miranda, Venezuela y estudiar la relación existente entre los indicadores bioquímicos y el número de tricomas. Se determinó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, proteínas solubles, prolina libre, carbohidratos totales, ligninas, el número de tricomas y la relación existente entre ellos. Los resultados mostraron que en el espacio bidimensional que explica el 46,68% de la variabilidad total, se definieron cinco grupos homogéneos: diez clones se asociaron con el máximo gradiente de prolina, carbohidratos totales y contenido de ligninas, nueve con alto contenido de proteínas y fenoles y siete con mayor número de tricomas en hojas. Se comprobó que el número de tricomas no se relacionó con la concentración de compuestos fenólicos.Los clones de cacao del tipo forastero mostraron mayor concentración de fenoles totales y carbohidratos, en tanto que los trinitarios presentaron mayor concentración de proteínas y prolina.
Theobroma cacao L. is a crop of major importance for their potential applications in pharmacy and agriculture. It contains metabolites that are of great interest for its natural biological functions in plant response to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. The presence, type and concentration of both primary and secondary metabolites may vary depending on the genotype analyzed and these compounds can accumulate in the architecture associated structures such as leaf trichomes. The aim of this study was to characterize 26 clones of the germplasm bank of Padrón, INIA-Miranda, Miranda State, Venezuela and study the relationship between biochemical indicators assessed and the number of trichomes. The content of phenolic compounds, soluble protein, free proline, total carbohydrates, lignins, the number of trichomes and the relationship between all traits was determined. The results showed that in the two dimensional space explained 46.68% of the variability, five homogeneous groups were defined: 10 clones were associated with the maximum gradient of proline, total carbohydrate and lignin content. Nine clones were associated with high content of phenols and a group of seven clones with the highest number of trichomes on leaves. It was found that the number of trichomes was not related to the concentration of phenolic compounds. The clones of Forastero cocoa type showed higher concentration of total phenols and carbohydrates, meanwhile the Trinitario type presented higher concentration of proteins and prolina.
Key words: principal components analysis; phenols; proline; proteins; carbohydrates.
Citas
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