Biodegradation of cyanide using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Bacillus pumilus cyanide dihydratase
Biodegradación de cianuro usando Escherichia coli recombinante expresando la enzima cianuro dihidratasa de Bacillus pumilus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v22n1.79559Palabras clave:
Biodegradation, cyanide dihydratase, Cyanide (en)Biodegradación, cianuro, cianuro dihidratasa (es)
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Despite its high toxicity, cyanide is used in several industrial processes, and as a result, large volumes of cyanide wastewater need to be treated prior to discharge. Enzymatic degradation of industrial cyanide wastewater by cyanide dihydratase, which is capable of converting cyanide to ammonia and formate, is an attractive alternative to conventional chemical methods of cyanide decontamination. However, the main impediment to the use of this enzyme for the biodegradation of cyanide is the intolerance to the alkaline pH at which cyanide waste is kept and its low thermoresistance. In the present study, the catalytic properties of whole E. coli cells overexpressing a cyanide dihydratase gene from B. pumilus were compared to those of the purified enzyme under conditions similar to those found in industrial cyanide wastewater. In addition, the capacity of whole cells to degrade free cyanide in contaminated wastewater resulting from the gold mining process was also determined. The characteristics of intracellular enzyme, relative to purified enzyme, included increased thermostability, as well as greater tolerance to heavy metals and to a lesser extent pH. On the other hand, significant enzymatic degradation (70%) of free cyanide in the industrial sample was achieved only after dilution. Nevertheless, the increased thermostability observed for intracellular CynD suggest that whole cells of E. coli overexpressing CynD are suited for process that operate at elevated temperatures, a limitation observed for the purified enzyme.
A pesar de su alta toxicidad, el cianuro es usado en diversos procesos industriales, y como resultado, grandes volúmenes de aguas residuales de cianuro deben ser tratados antes de su descarga. Una alternativa atractiva a los métodos químicos convencionales de descontaminación es la degradación enzimática por la enzima cianuro dihidratasa, la cual es capaz de convertir cianuro en amonio y ácido fórmico. No obstante, la inactivación de esta enzima a pH superior a 8.5 y su poca termoestablidad han sido el principal impedimento para la implementación exitosa de esta alternativa de biorremediación. En el presente estudio, las propiedades catalíticas de células completas de E. coli que sobre expresan el gen de cianuro dihidratasa de B. pumilus se estudian bajo condiciones similares a las encontradas en aguas residuales industriales de cianuro y los resultados se discuten en comparación con las de la enzima purificada. Además, se determinó la capacidad de las células completas para degradar el cianuro libre en aguas residuales resultantes del proceso de extracción de oro. Las características de la enzima intracelular, relativa a la enzima purificada, incluyeron un incremento en la termoestabilidad, así como mayor tolerancia a metales pesados y en menor medida al pH. Por otra parte, la degradación enzimática del 70% del cianuro libre en la muestra industrial se logró solo después de la dilución de la muestra. Sin embargo, el incremento en la termoestabilidad observado para CynD intracelular sugiere que las células completas de E. coli que sobreexpresan CynD son adecuadas para procesos que operan a temperaturas elevadas, una limitación observada para la enzima purificada.
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