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Microalgae protoplasts isolation and fusion for biotechnology research
Aislamiento y fusión de protoplastos de microalgas para aplicaciones biotecnológicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v21n1.80248Palabras clave:
Enzymatic hydrolysis, microalgae, cell wall, protoplast fusion, strain improvement (en)Hidrolisis enzimática, microalgas, paredes celulares, fusión de protoplastos, mejoramiento de cepas (es)
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Protoplasts are microbial or vegetable cells lacking a cell wall. These can be obtained from microalgae by an enzymatic hydrolysis process in the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. In general, protoplasts are experimentally useful in physiological, geneticand bio-chemical studies, so their acquisition and fusion will continue to be an active research area in modern biotechnology. The fusion of protoplasts in microalgae constitutes a tool for strain improvement because it allows both intra and interspecific genetic recombina-tion, resulting in organisms with new or improved characteristics of industrial interest. In this review we briefly describe themethod-ology for obtaining protoplasts, as well as fusion methods and the main applications of microalgal platforms.
Los protoplastos son células microbianas o vegetales que carecen de pared celular. Estos pueden obtenerse a partir de microalgaspor un proceso de hidrólisis enzimática en presencia de un estabilizador osmótico. En general, los protoplastos son experimental-mente útiles en estudios fisiológicos, genéticos y bioquímicos, por lo que su obtención y fusión continuarán siendo un área de in-vestigación activa en la biotecnología moderna. La fusión de protoplastos en microalgas constituye una herramienta para el mejora-miento de cepas pues permite la recombinación genética intra e interespecífica, logrando así organismos con nuevas características de interés industrial. En esta revisión, describimos brevemente la metodología para obtener protoplastos, métodos de fusión ylas principales aplicaciones de las plataformas basadas en microalgas.
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