Publicado

2021-12-01

Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9

Genetic engineering against abiotic stress in Neotropical crop plants: osmolites, transcription factors and CRISPR/Cas9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487

Palabras clave:

algodón, cambio climático, maíz, papa, tomate (es)
cotton, climate change, maize, potato, tomato (en)

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Autores/as

El neotrópico es sitio de origen de gran variedad de plantas que actualmente son cultivadas con éxito en diferentes regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, condiciones climáticas adversas, que se pueden ver acrecentadas por efectos del cambio climático antropogénico, pueden afectar su rendimiento y productividad debido a las situaciones de estrés abiótico que se pueden generar. Como alternativa para contrarrestar estos efectos, se ha experimentado con modificaciones genéticas, particularmente en genes relacionados con la producción de osmolitos y factores de transcripción que han llevado a que estas plantas, a nivel experimental, tengan mayor tolerancia a estrés oxidativo, altas y bajas temperaturas y fotoinhibición, sequía y salinidad, mediante la acumulación de osmoprotectores, la regulación en la expresión de genes y cambios en el fenotipo. En este trabajo se presentan y describen las estrategias metodológicas planteadas con estos fines y se complementan con ejemplos de trabajos realizados en cultivos de origen neotropical de importancia económica, como maíz, algodón, papa y tomate. Además, y debido a la novedad y potencial que ofrece la edición génica por medio del sistema CRISPR/Cas9, también se mencionan trabajos realizados en plantas con origen neotropical, enfocados en comprender e implementar mecanismos de tolerancia a sequía. Las metodologías aquí descritas podrían constituirse en opciones prácticas para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria con miras a contrarrestar las consecuencias negativas del cambio climático antropogénico.

The neotropics are the site of origin of a large variety of plants that are currently successfully cultivated in different regions of the world. However, adverse climatic conditions, which can be exacerbated by the effects of anthropogenic climate change, can affect their yield and productivity due to the abiotic stresses that can be generated. As an alternative to counteract these effects, genetic modifications have been experimentally implemented, particularly in genes related to osmolyte production and transcription factors, which have ultimately led to increased tolerance of these plants to oxidative stress, high and low temperatures and photoinhibition, drought and salinity, through the accumulation of osmoprotectants, regulation of gene expression and changes in phenotype. In this work, the methodological strategies proposed to these aims are presented and described, and they are complemented with examples of studies carried out in economically important crops of neotropical origin, such as corn, cotton, potato and tomato. In addition, and due to the novelty and potential that gene editing offers through the CRISPR/Cas9 system, works conducted in plants with neotropical origin, focused on understanding and implementing drought tolerance mechanisms, are also mentioned. The methodologies described here could become practical options to achieve food security in the frame of the adverse effects caused by anthropogenic climate change.

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Cómo citar

APA

Jiménez, V. M. & Carvajal-Campos, P. (2022). Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, 23(2), 47–66. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487

ACM

[1]
Jiménez, V.M. y Carvajal-Campos, P. 2022. Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología. 23, 2 (ene. 2022), 47–66. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487.

ACS

(1)
Jiménez, V. M.; Carvajal-Campos, P. Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. Rev. colomb. biotecnol. 2022, 23, 47-66.

ABNT

JIMÉNEZ, V. M.; CARVAJAL-CAMPOS, P. Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, [S. l.], v. 23, n. 2, p. 47–66, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/88487. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Jiménez, Víctor M., y Paula Carvajal-Campos. 2022. «Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9». Revista Colombiana De Biotecnología 23 (2):47-66. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487.

Harvard

Jiménez, V. M. y Carvajal-Campos, P. (2022) «Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9», Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, 23(2), pp. 47–66. doi: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487.

IEEE

[1]
V. M. Jiménez y P. Carvajal-Campos, «Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9», Rev. colomb. biotecnol., vol. 23, n.º 2, pp. 47–66, ene. 2022.

MLA

Jiménez, V. M., y P. Carvajal-Campos. «Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9». Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, vol. 23, n.º 2, enero de 2022, pp. 47-66, doi:10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487.

Turabian

Jiménez, Víctor M., y Paula Carvajal-Campos. «Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9». Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 23, no. 2 (enero 31, 2022): 47–66. Accedido marzo 13, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/88487.

Vancouver

1.
Jiménez VM, Carvajal-Campos P. Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. Rev. colomb. biotecnol. [Internet]. 31 de enero de 2022 [citado 13 de marzo de 2026];23(2):47-66. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/88487

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1. Joel Horacio Elizondo Luevano, Lizeth Aniram Garcia Sotelo, Ivan Cárdenas Paredes, Vanessa de Dios-Romero, Carolina Villanueva-Terán, Miroslava Kačániová. (2024). Edición de Genes y CRISPR-Cas: Aplicaciones, Avances y Desafíos: Genes y CRISPR. Scientia Agricolis Vita, 1(2) https://doi.org/10.29105/agricolis.v1i2.11.

2. Ruth De la Asunción-Romero, Nadiarid Jiménez-Elizondo, Ileana Morales-Herrera. (2024). Efectos del estrés abiótico aplicado en postcosecha sobre la acumulación de compuestos bioactivos. Agronomía Mesoamericana, , p.60233. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.60233.

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