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Producción de biomasa y caracterización química de Lentinula edodes cultivado en biorreactor bajo diferentes condiciones
Biomass production and chemical characterization of Lentinula edodes grown in a bioreactor under different conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v25n1.96477Palabras clave:
Macromiceto, esteroles, azúcares, proteína, biotecnología (es)Macromycete, sterols, sugars, protein, biotechnology (en)
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La ingeniería bioquímica juega un papel importante en el desarrollo tecnológico de los procesos de obtención ya sea de cuerpos fructíferos de setas con potencial medicinal para el consumo directo, o en la fabricación de nutracéuticos y/o suplementos dietarios. Esta investigación implementó una metodología en biorreactor para el cultivo del hongo macromiceto Lentinula edodes, conocido comúnmente como Shiitake, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que tienen la velocidad de agitación y el flujo de aire en la producción de biomasa y de metabolitos de mediana y baja polaridad. Se determinó que el rendimiento y la productividad más altos de producción de biomasa se logra a unas condiciones de 80 rpm y 0,50 vvm obteniendo 0,0260 g/g y 0,00433 g/L*h respectivamente. Igualmente, en cuanto a la composición de esta biomasa, se concluyó que se genera un máximo contenido de proteína (33,4% del micelio liofilizado) a unas condiciones de 140 rpm y 0,75 vvm, los esteroles alcanzaron un porcentaje de 89,32% del extracto en DCM a 80 rpm y 0,5 vvm. Los resultados del análisis por GC-MS confirman la amplia variedad de compuestos que se pueden obtener a partir de un cultivo en biorreactor del hongo Lentinula edodes.
Biochemical engineering plays an important role in the technological development of the processes for obtaining either mushroom fruiting bodies with medicinal potential for direct consumption, or in the manufacture of nutraceuticals and/or dietary supplements. This research implemented a methodology in a bioreactor for the cultivation of the Lentinula edodes macromycete fungus, commonly known as Shiitake, with the aim of evaluating the effect of agitation speed and air flow on the production of biomass and metabolites of median and low polarity. Thus, it was found that the highest yield and productivity of biomass production is achieved at conditions of 80 rpm and 0,50 vvm, obtaining 0,0260 g/g and 0,00433 g/L*h respectively. Likewise, in the study of the content of metabolites it was concluded that for the protein 33,4% of the lyophilized mycelium was reached at conditions of 140 rpm and 0,75 vvm, the sterols reached a percentage of 89,32% of the extract. in DCM at 80 rpm and 0,5 vvm. The results of the GC-MS analysis confirm the wide variety of compounds that can be obtained from a bioreactor culture of the Lentinula edodes fungus.
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