Evaluación de la actividad quitinasa en procesos de control biológico de rhizoctonia solani y fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici en tomate, mediante fitoinvigorización de semillas en presencia de trichoderma koningii
Evaluation of chitinase activity in biological control process of rhizoctonia solani y fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomate, by using seed priming in the presence of trichoderma koningii
Keywords:
Trichoderma koningii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, chitinases, control biológico, fitoinvigorización de semillas (es)Trichoderma koningii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, chitinases, biological control, seed priming (en)
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El propósito del presente trabajo fue el de establecer el posible papel de las quitinasas en un modelo de control, utilizando pregerminación controlada de semillas en presencia de Trichoderma koningii. Este método mostró ser eficiente para el control de Rhizoctonia solani y de Fusarium oxysporum en tomate. Al analizar los extractos y exudados de semillas y los extractos de suelo sembrado con semillas pregerminadas en presencia de T. koningii, se encontró que éstos presentaron niveles significativamente mayores de actividad endoquitinasa que los provenientes de semillas pregerminadas en ausencia del antagonista y que los provenientes de semillas no pregerminadas. Al evaluar in-vitro la actividad hidrolítica de dichos extractos y exudados, utilizando paredes celulares de R. solani y de Fusarium oxysporum, los provenientes de semillas pregerminadas en presencia de T. koningii también mostraron significativamente mayor actividad endoquitinasa que la presentada en los otros tratamientos. Se pudo concluir que la pregerminación controlada de semillas en presencia de T. koningii estimula la actividad endoquitinolítica de las semillas y que esta actividad quitinasa estuvo relacionada con la protección previamente obtenida.
The present work intended to establish in a control model, the possible role of chitinases by using seed priming in the presence of Trichoderma koningii. This method showed to be efficient to control Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in tomato. The analysis of seed extracts and exudates, and soil extracts from soil seeded with seeds primed in the presence of T. koningii showed high endochitinase activity in the samples. This activity was higher than that exhibited by samples from primed seeds without antagonist and unprimed seeds. In vitro evaluation of the hydrolytic activity of the extracts and exudates were performed using F. oxysporum and R. solani cell walls. The results also showed that the samples from seeds primed in the presence of T. koningii exhibited higher endochitinase activity than the others. These data allowed us to conclude that seed priming in the presence of T. koningii promotes endochinolytic activity in seeds. It was also concluded that this chitinase activity is related with the protection previously observed.
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