Golden Rice, Golden Crops, Golden Prospects
Arroz Dorado, cultivos dorados, perspectivas doradas
Keywords:
Biofortification, micronutrient deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, carotenoids, beta-carotene, nutrigenomics, Biofortificación, deficiencia de micronutrientes, deficiencia de vitamina A, carotenoides (es)Downloads
El Arroz Dorado es probablemente el cultivo transgénico de segunda generación –es decir, en lo relacionado con el mejoramiento de la calidad nutricional– mejor conocido en el mundo, aunque varios otros proyectos están siguiendo su ejemplo. El Arroz Dorado fue desarrollado para ayudar a resolver el problema de la deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA), la cual afecta a millones de personas a nivel mundial, especialmente a niños pequeños en los países en desarrollo. La DVA no sólo causa ceguera y un incremento de la susceptibilidad a diversas enfermedades, sino que también un hasta ahora ignorado aumento de la mortalidad.
Mientras que programas de suplementación y fortificación están contribuyendo a reducir la carga, urge la creación de cultivos biofortificados, capaces de suplir de manera sustentable los micronutrientes necesarios a las poblaciones blanco. La biotecnología verde, y el progreso en el entendimiento de las rutas metabólicas responsables de la biosíntesis y acumulación de los micronutrientes a nivel bioquímico han preparado el camino para no sólo solucionar el problema de la DVA, sino también el de la deficiencia de micronutrientes como hierro, zinc, vitamina E, folato y aminoácidos esenciales. En este documento se da una visión general del progreso del proyecto del Arroz Dorado, así como del estado de proyectos afines en biofortificación.
Palabras clave: Biofortificación, deficiencia de micronutrientes, deficiencia de vitamina A, carotenoides, beta-caroteno, nutrigenómica.
Golden Rice is probably the best known second-generation—nutrition quality enhanced—transgenic crop, but several others are following suit. Golden Rice was developed to deal with the problem of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which affects millions of people all over the world, especially small children in developing countries. VAD not only causes blindness and increased morbidity, but a hitherto almost ignored increase in mortality. While ongoing supplementation and fortification programs are helping to reduce the burden, there is a strong need to develop biofortified crops capable of sustainably providing various micronutrients to target populations. Green biotechnology and progress in the biochemical understanding of the mechanisms of biosynthesis and accumulation pathways of micronutrients have not only paved the way to address VAD but also deficiency of the micronutrients iron, zinc, vitamin E, folate, and essential amino acids. Here I provide an overview of the progress and the political environment of the Golden Rice Project as well as the status of a number of related projects in biofortification.
Key words: Biofortification, micronutrient deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, carotenoids, beta-carotene, nutrigenomics
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