Publicado

2025-10-30

Barrio, bienestar mental, percepciones estéticas e integración urbana. Caso población Crav-Penco, Chile

Neighborhood, mental well-being, aesthetic perceptions, and urban integration. Case study of the Crav-Penco population, Chile

Quartier, bien-être mental, perceptions esthétiques et intégration urbaine. Étude de cas de la population de Crav-Penco, Chili

Bairro, bem-estar mental, percepções estéticas e integração urbana. Estudo de caso da população de Crav-Penco, Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v35n2.120083

Palabras clave:

Medio urbano, Percepción del entorno, Bienestar (es)
Urban environment, Perception of the environment, Well-being (en)
Environnement urbain, Perception de l'environnement, Bien-être (fr)
Ambiente urbano, Percepção do meio ambiente, Bem-estar (pt)

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Existe consenso en la incidencia que tendrían los barrios sobre el bienestar mental, especialmente en lo relevante de sus de áreas verdes, calidad ambiental y en sus capacidades de generar apego, satisfacción vecinal, seguridad y fortalecer las cohesiones vecinales. Sin embargo, identificamos otras variables que podrían ser igualmente relevantes. Así, nuestro objetivo fue indagar en las percepciones de integración urbana y estética barrial. Esto bajo la hipótesis de que dichas percepciones no siempre resultarían baladí en su correlación con el bienestar mental. Metodológicamente, tomamos un barrio y levantamos cien encuestas, preguntando redes vecinales, hábitos urbanos y percepciones declaradas sobre su vecindario y bienestar mental. Todos los datos fueron depurados, integrados y analizados con el software Ucinet, para redes vecinales y software R para correlaciones policórica, pruebas de independencia estadística y correspondencias múltiples. Nuestros resultados validaron parcialmente la hipótesis. Si la percepción de integración urbana expuso correlación y dependencia estadística significativa y directa con el bienestar mental, la de estética no. Sin embargo, esta sí evidenció correspondencia y dependencia estadística con la percepción de cohesión vecinal, satisfacción barrial, confianza vecinal y apego al lugar, todas significativas para el bienestar mental. 

There is consensus on the impact that neighborhoods have on mental well-being, especially regarding the importance of their green areas, environmental quality, and their ability to generate attachment, neighborhood satisfaction, safety, and strengthen neighborhood cohesion. However, we identified other variables that could be equally relevant. Thus, our objective was to investigate perceptions of urban integration and neighborhood aesthetics, based on the hypothesis that these perceptions would not always be trivial in their correlation with mental well-being. Methodologically, we selected a neighborhood and conducted 100 surveys, asking about neighborhood networks, urban habits, and stated perceptions about their neighborhood and mental well-being. All data were cleaned, integrated, and analyzed using Ucinet software for neighborhood networks and R software for polychoric correlations, tests of statistical independence, and multiple correspondence. Our results partially validated the hypothesis. While perceptions of urban integration showed a significant and direct correlation and statistical dependence with mental well-being, those of aesthetics did not. However, this did show statistical correspondence and dependence with the perception of neighborhood cohesion, neighborhood satisfaction, neighborhood trust, and place attachment, all of which are significant for mental well-being.

Il existe un consensus sur l'impact des quartiers sur le bien-être mental, notamment concernant l'importance de leurs espaces verts, la qualité de leur environnement et leur capacité à générer de l'attachement, la satisfaction des habitants, la sécurité et à renforcer la cohésion de quartier. Cependant, nous avons identifié d'autres variables tout aussi pertinentes. Ainsi, notre objectif était d'étudier les perceptions de l'intégration urbaine et de l'esthétique du quartier, en partant de l'hypothèse que ces perceptions ne seraient pas toujours triviales dans leur corrélation avec le bien-être mental. Méthodologiquement, nous avons sélectionné un quartier et mené 100 enquêtes, portant sur les réseaux de quartier, les habitudes urbaines et les perceptions exprimées concernant leur quartier et leur bien-être mental. Toutes les données ont été nettoyées, intégrées et analysées à l'aide du logiciel Ucinet pour les réseaux de quartier et du logiciel R pour les corrélations polychoriques, les tests d'indépendance statistique et les correspondances multiples. Nos résultats ont partiellement validé l'hypothèse. Si les perceptions de l'intégration urbaine ont montré une corrélation significative et directe et une dépendance statistique avec le bien-être mental, celles de l'esthétique n'en ont pas montré.

Há consenso sobre o impacto que os bairros têm no bem-estar mental, especialmente no que diz respeito à importância de suas áreas verdes, qualidade ambiental e sua capacidade de gerar vínculo, satisfação com o bairro, segurança e fortalecer a coesão do bairro. No entanto, identificamos outras variáveis ​​que poderiam ser igualmente relevantes. Assim, nosso objetivo foi investigar as percepções de integração urbana e estética do bairro, com base na hipótese de que essas percepções nem sempre seriam triviais em sua correlação com o bem-estar mental. Metodologicamente, selecionamos um bairro e conduzimos 100 pesquisas, perguntando sobre redes de bairro, hábitos urbanos e percepções declaradas sobre seu bairro e bem-estar mental. Todos os dados foram limpos, integrados e analisados ​​usando o software Ucinet para redes de bairro e o software R para correlações policóricas, testes de independência estatística e correspondência múltipla. Nossos resultados validaram parcialmente a hipótese. Enquanto as percepções de integração urbana mostraram uma correlação significativa e direta e dependência estatística com o bem-estar mental, as de estética não. No entanto, isso demonstrou correspondência estatística e dependência com a percepção de coesão, satisfação, confiança e apego ao local, todos significativos para o bem-estar mental.

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